发表机构
Nagoya University; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI; Durham University; California Institute of Technology; University of Arkansas; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Kwansei Gakuin University(名古屋大学; 综合研究大学院大学; 杜伦大学; 加州理工学院; 阿肯色大学; 日本国立天文台; 关西学院大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究利用多波段观测普查了SSA22原星系团核心的18个尘埃恒星形成星系,发现恒星与尘埃结构共同致密化,分子气体激发受恒星形成调控,并识别出从富气体到致密贫气体星系的演化序列,揭示宇宙网纤维通过重子循环塑造大质量星系形成。
AI 中文摘要
我们利用多波段 ALMA、JWST 成像和 JVLA CO(1--0) 观测,对嵌入在 SSA22 原星系团核心的 Ly$\alpha$ 示踪宇宙网纤维中的 18 个尘埃恒星形成星系(DSFGs)在 $z=3.09$ 处的尘埃、分子气体和星系结构进行了普查。利用多达六个 ALMA 波段和 Herschel/SPIRE 数据,我们构建了静止系远红外光谱能量分布。这些 DSFGs 的远红外光度跨越两个数量级($L_{\rm FIR}\sim10^{11}$--$10^{13}L_\odot$),中值分别为 $\log(L_{\rm FIR}/L_\odot)=11.56^{+0.32}_{-0.37}$ 和 $T_{\rm dust}=25^{+6}_{-3}{\rm K}$。对于八个具有高分辨率($\sim1$ kpc)JWST 和 ALMA 成像的 DSFGs,我们测量了恒星和尘埃面密度,并发现它们呈正相关,表明恒星成分的结构致密化与星际介质的结构致密化同步进行。我们报告了 12 个 CO(1--0)、18 个 CO(3--2)、各 4 个 CO(8--7) 和 CO(9--8) 以及 1 个 CO(12--11) 的探测。CO(3--2) 与 CO(1--0) 之间的亮度温度比中值为 $r_{31}=0.66^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$,与类似红移处的场星系一致。高 $J$ CO 谱线显示出相对较低的激发,且 CO(8--7)/CO(3--2) 比值与恒星形成率面密度相关,表明分子气体激发主要受恒星形成调控。较低质量星系相对于场星系标度关系表现出过量的分子气体比例和消耗时间。通过结合同一场中的静止星系样本,我们识别出一条从具有低恒星面密度的富气体系统到具有高恒星面密度的贫气体致密系统的序列。这些结果表明,致密环境中的大质量星系演化受一个连接宇宙网环境中气体供应、恒星形成和结构转变的重子循环所支配。
英文摘要
We present a census of dust, molecular gas, and galaxy structure in 18 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at $z=3.09$ embedded in Ly$α$-traced cosmic web filaments in the core of the SSA22 proto-cluster, using multi-band ALMA, JWST imaging, and JVLA CO(1--0). Using up to six ALMA bands and Herschel/SPIRE data, we construct rest-frame far-infrared spectral energy distributions. The DSFGs span two orders of magnitude in far-infrared luminosity ($L_{\rm FIR}\sim10^{11}$--$10^{13}L_\odot$), with median values of $\log(L_{\rm FIR}/L_\odot)=11.56^{+0.32}_{-0.37}$ and $T_{\rm dust}=25^{+6}_{-3}{\rm K}$. For eight DSFGs with high-resolution ($\sim1$ kpc) JWST and ALMA imaging, we measure stellar and dust surface densities and find a positive correlation, suggesting that structural compaction of the stellar component proceeds together with that of the interstellar medium. We report 12 detections of CO(1--0), 18 of CO(3--2), four each of CO(8--7) and CO(9--8), and one of CO(12--11). The median brightness temperature ratio between CO(3--2) and CO(1--0) is $r_{31}=0.66^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$, consistent with field galaxies at similar redshifts. The high-$J$ CO lines show relatively low excitation, and the CO(8--7)/CO(3--2) ratio correlates with star-formation rate surface density, suggesting that molecular gas excitation is primarily regulated by star formation. Lower-mass galaxies show excess molecular gas fractions and depletion times relative to field scaling relations. By combining quiescent galaxy samples in the same field, we identify a sequence from gas-rich systems with low stellar surface density to gas-poor, compact systems with high stellar surface density. These results suggest that massive galaxy evolution in dense environments is governed by a baryon cycle linking gas supply, star formation, and structural transformation within the cosmic web environment.
CommentsAccepted for publication in PASJ