真空计量量子传感器路线图

中文摘要 AI 辅助

我们描述了如何利用激光冷却和囚禁的碱金属原子作为高真空和超高真空区域的压力传感器，在从几纳帕到几十微帕的压力范围内，其相对不确定度略高于百分之一。这些传感器可作为压力的初级标准，因为压力的确定仅需知道原子与分子之间的碰撞截面，从而无需使用其他设备进行校准。碰撞截面可以独立测量，或通过严格的量子方法以百分之一的相对精度计算。我们认为，该技术已足够成熟，可为超高真空区域现有的昂贵压力标准——孔流标准——提供替代方案。利用囚禁原子的实验可用于校准更便宜的压力传感器（如基于电离规的装置）。然而，由于实验的复杂性和成本，该技术尚未成熟到可在其他研究领域使用。我们为这一新的真空计量压力标准提出了一个路线图。

英文摘要

We describe how laser-cooled and trapped alkali-metal atoms have been used as pressure sensors in the high- and ultra-high-vacuum regimes operating with relative uncertainties of just over a percent at pressures from a few nPa and up to a few tens of $μ$Pa. These sensors can serve as primary standards of pressure as the determination of pressure requires only knowledge of collision cross sections between atoms and molecules, eliminating the need for calibration with other devices. The collision cross sections can be measured independently or computed with rigorous quantum methods at percent relative accuracies. We argue that this technology has advanced sufficiently to provide an alternative to the existing, expensive pressure standard in the ultra-high vacuum regime, the orifice flow standard. Experiments with trapped atoms can be used to calibrate cheaper pressure sensors (such as devices based on ionization gauges). However, the technology has not yet matured enough to be of use in other research fields because of the complexity and cost of the experiments. We propose a roadmap for this new pressure standard for vacuum metrology.

发表机构

• National Institute of Standards and Technology（美国国家标准与技术研究院）
• British Columbia Institute of Technology（不列颠哥伦比亚理工学院）
• University of Bremen（不来梅大学）
• Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt（德国联邦物理技术研究院）
• University of Maryland（马里兰大学）
• University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。