LQ数字模式家族：弱信号通信的协议架构与参考规范
The LQ Digital Mode Family: Protocol Architecture and Reference Specification for Weak-Signal Communications
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出LQ8弱信号数字模式，通过可变长度前缀码和单载波多站确认，实现4次传输完成双向联络，速度提升1.5倍，峰值速率达160 QSO/h，并定义LQ16、LQ4、LQ2扩展配置文件。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文介绍了LQ8，一种用于业余无线电的开源弱信号数字模式，它能在4次传输（60秒）内完成结构化的双向联络，相较于标准的6次传输交换（90秒）实现了1.50倍的加速，相较于5次传输的RR73交换（75秒）实现了1.25倍的加速，同时保留了Maidenhead网格定位器、信号报告和相互确认的完整双向交换。通过将固定宽度的消息类型头替换为与物理层比特预算匹配的可变长度前缀码，LQ8将应答站的网格定位器和测量的信号报告打包到单个77比特的回复中。在多站堆积操作中，LQ8在单载波、恒定包络的50.0 Hz传输中同时确认最多两个应答站，且射频功率分配惩罚为0.0 dB，从而实现了高达160个QSO/小时的理论峰值速率（在双载波操作中可扩展至320个QSO/小时），同时保留了连续相位8-GFSK传输的-21.0 dB SNR灵敏度。该协议族还定义了三个扩展配置文件（LQ16、LQ4和LQ2），分别针对极端灵敏度、VHF/UHF竞赛和快速突发信道进行了定制。
英文摘要
This paper introduces LQ8, an open-source weak-signal digital mode for amateur radio that completes structured two-way contacts in 4 transmissions (60 s), achieving a 1.50x speedup over canonical 6-transmission exchanges (90 s) and 1.25x over 5-transmission RR73 exchanges (75 s) while preserving complete bidirectional exchange of Maidenhead grid locators, signal reports, and mutual acknowledgments. By replacing fixed-width message-type headers with variable-length prefix codes matched to physical-layer bit budgets, LQ8 packs the answering station's grid locator and measured signal report into a single 77-bit reply. In multi-station pileup operations, LQ8 confirms up to two answering stations simultaneously within a single-carrier 50.0 Hz transmission with a 0.0 dB RF power-splitting penalty, achieving a peak rate of 240 QSOs/h in continuous pileup (4x over single-carrier FT8; 480 QSOs/h dual-carrier) while retaining -21.0 dB SNR sensitivity. The protocol family also defines three extended profiles (LQ16, LQ4, and LQ2) tailored for extreme sensitivity, VHF/UHF contesting, and fast-burst channels.
