老化流体天线系统中的稀疏信道获取：一种可靠性校准的后验重建方法
Sparse Channel Acquisition in Aging Fluid Antenna Systems: A Reliability-Calibrated Posterior Reconstruction Approach
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对老化流体天线系统，提出可靠性校准的条件扩散后验重建框架，利用稀疏当前观测与陈旧CSI，实现低延迟的稀疏信道获取并提升性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
流体天线系统（FAS）在紧凑孔径内利用端口域分集，但如果接收机在数据传输前需要扫描过多端口，其增益可能会丧失。本文研究了老化FAS接收机的稀疏信道获取问题，其中可用信息具有混合可靠性：当前观测是新鲜的但稀疏，而历史信道状态信息（CSI）是密集的但由于多普勒引起的时间去相关而过时。我们通过将孔径场重建与端口选择率、中断、探测预算和在线推理延迟联系起来，从通信角度阐述该问题。然后，我们将获取任务视为可靠性校准的后验重建，其中稀疏的当前观测作为硬测量证据，历史CSI仅作为软时间侧信息被重用。由此产生的可靠性控制的条件扩散后验（DCP）框架以稀疏当前观测、观测掩码和历史CSI为条件进行去噪过程，并通过观测一致性、失配感知时间门控、空间信任加权、渐进时间激活和热初始化来细化反向轨迹。分析表明老化和重建误差如何导致速率失真和速率遗憾。在探测预算、信噪比（SNR）、时间相关性、观测模式、消融设置和延迟测试中的模拟显示出一致的重建增益，具有毫秒级在线推理延迟，表明当陈旧CSI的强度、时间和空间支持被明确控制时，它可以是有益的。
英文摘要
Fluid antenna systems (FASs) exploit port-domain diversity within a compact aperture, but their gain can be lost if the receiver has to scan too many ports before data transmission. This paper studies sparse channel acquisition for aging FAS receivers, where the available information has mixed reliability: current observations are fresh but sparse, whereas historical channel state information (CSI) is dense but stale due to Doppler-induced temporal decorrelation. We formulate the problem from a communication perspective by linking aperture-field reconstruction to port-selection rate, outage, probing budget, and online inference latency. We then cast the acquisition task as reliability-calibrated posterior reconstruction, in which the sparse current observations serve as hard measurement evidence and historical CSI is reused only as soft temporal side information. The resulting reliability-controlled conditional diffusion posterior (DCP) framework conditions the denoising process on the sparse current observations, the observation mask, and the historical CSI, and refines the reverse trajectory through observation consistency, mismatch-aware temporal gating, spatial trust weighting, progressive temporal activation, and warm initialization. Analysis shows how aging and reconstruction error induce rate distortion and rate regret. Simulations across probing budgets, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), temporal correlations, observation patterns, ablation settings, and latency tests show consistent reconstruction gains with millisecond-level online inference latency, indicating that stale CSI can be beneficial when its strength, timing, and spatial support are explicitly controlled.
发表机构
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology（华南理工大学电子与信息工程学院）
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Technology University（深圳职业技术大学人工智能学院）
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University（香港都会大学理学院）
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校电气与计算机工程系）
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