发表机构
London School of Economics and Political Science; Weizmann Institute of Science（伦敦政治经济学院; 魏茨曼科学研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究将蒲鲁东的社会契约思想形式化为草根社会契约，通过抽象级联将其转化为可运行的草根平台，并证明满足语法草根条件的契约协议具有草根性和意愿性。
AI 中文摘要
两个世纪前，皮埃尔-约瑟夫·蒲鲁东设想了一种社会契约，其特点是：（1）人与人之间的协议；（2）互惠的；（3）除各方个人承诺所产生的义务外，不对各方施加任何义务；（4）不受任何外部权威约束；（5）由所有参与者自由接受并签署；（6）具有交换契约的性质。他还设想了社会契约的一种属性，类似于我们称之为草根的数字平台的属性：即一个人可以“与所有人缔约，如同……与某些人缔约”；在数字层面，一个草根平台可以有多个实例，这些实例可以通过双方同意而合并。我们将草根社会契约定义为满足这些条件的社会契约，并且（7）人们可以自由地相互交易；（8）不存在外部的人员登记。我们证明，通过一个抽象级联，草根社会契约可以转化为一个可运行的草根平台，该级联从契约文本到正式行为模式，经过语法验证为草根性质，然后转化为受意愿保护的多智能体原子事务。行为模式是一种形式语言，用于描述契约所规定的行为，每个行为都指明各方的角色、其中哪些角色必须意愿该行为，以及其在每个角色的前提条件和效果。任何用这种语言编写的契约，只要在语法上是草根的，满足三个可判定条件——引入性、来源性和意愿性——就满足上述八个条件。我们证明，实现语法上草根契约的协议是草根的，并且是意愿性的。草根社会契约的条款分为三种法律类型：对于强制执行条款，在正确实现下违约是不可能的；对于经证明或承诺的条款，违约可以诉诸法庭，其中经证明的条款需要签署的证据。我们用草根社交图和草根货币来示例说明这些条款。
英文摘要
Two centuries ago Pierre-Joseph Proudhon envisioned a social contract that is (1) an agreement of man with man; (2) reciprocal; (3) imposing no obligation upon the parties except that which results from their personal promise; (4) subject to no external authority; (5) freely accepted and signed by all the participants; (6) of the nature of a contract of exchange. He also envisioned a property of social contracts, analogous to a property of digital platforms we term grassroots: that one could "make a contract with all, as ... with some"; digitally, that a grassroots platform can have multiple instances, which may coalesce by mutual consent. We define grassroots social contracts as social contracts meeting these conditions and that (7) people are free to deal with each other; and (8) there is no external register of people. We show that a grassroots social contract can be transformed into a working grassroots platform through an abstraction cascade, from the contract text to formal act schemas, verified syntactically to be grassroots, and then to volition-guarded multiagent atomic transactions. Act schemas are a formal language for the acts the contract describes, each naming the parties' roles, which of them must will the act, and its precondition and effect at each role. Any contract written in this language meets the eight conditions, provided it is syntactically grassroots, satisfying three decidable conditions, Introduction, Provenance and Volition. We prove that the protocol realising a syntactically grassroots contract is grassroots, and volitionally so. Clauses of a grassroots social contract are of three legal types: a breach of an enforced clause is impossible with a correct implementation; a breach of an attested or undertaken clause can be taken to court, with signed evidence for an attested clause. We illustrate them with a grassroots social graph and grassroots currencies.
