AI 中文总结
本文揭示受监测量子系统中亚稳态依赖监测通道与观测记录，提出轨迹层面亚稳态需通道、记录与流形兼容，并在量子联想记忆中验证。
AI 中文摘要
开放量子系统中的亚稳态通常通过Liouvillian算符中的谱分离来推断，该算符支配无条件、系综平均的动力学。我们表明，这种诊断在单个量子轨迹层面上是不完整的：相同无条件动力学的条件化实现可以绕过、瞬时访问或操作性地保留亚稳态记忆，具体取决于受监测通道和观测记录。我们通过比较谱、目标保真度和相空间分布，在一个实现量子联想记忆的驱动耗散非线性振荡器中演示了这些机制。通过对未检测事件进行后选择而获得的非厄米动力学支持亚稳态检索，但具有不同的长期命运：归一化选择非厄米谱中衰减最慢的模式，而非所寻址的记忆分支。相反，当测量后更新与相干记忆结构保持兼容时，随机跳跃轨迹可以在较长时间内保留检索。因此，轨迹层面的亚稳态并非仅由平均生成器决定；它要求受监测通道、测量记录和亚稳态流形之间具有兼容性。
英文摘要
Metastability in open quantum systems is usually inferred from spectral separation in the Liouvillian, which governs unconditional, ensemble-averaged dynamics. We show that this diagnosis is incomplete at the level of individual quantum trajectories: conditioned realizations of the same unconditional dynamics can bypass, transiently access, or operationally preserve a metastable memory, depending on the monitored channel and the observed record. We demonstrate these mechanisms in a driven-dissipative nonlinear oscillator realizing a quantum associative memory, by comparing spectra, target fidelities, and phase-space distributions. The non-Hermitian dynamics obtained by post-selecting on the absence of detected events supports metastable retrieval, but with a distinct long-time fate: normalization selects the least-decaying mode of the non-Hermitian spectrum rather than the addressed memory branch. In contrast, stochastic jump trajectories can preserve retrieval over extended times when the post-measurement update remains compatible with the coherent memory structure. Thus trajectory-level metastability is not determined by the averaged generator alone; it requires compatibility between the monitored channel, the measurement record, and the metastable manifold.
