立方晶体和非晶固体中的电磁应力张量
The electromagnetic stress tensor in cubic crystals and amorphous solids
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文从电场及现象学公式导出立方晶格点原子系统的电磁真空应力张量，结果一致，并通过取向平均推广至非晶固体，得到纵向与横向分量，横向分量与Peierls的液体结果相符。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在由立方晶格上的经典点状原子组成的系统中，电磁真空应力张量直接由电场导出，并另外使用已知的更具现象学性质的公式（涉及通常未知的介电张量的导数）导出。结果一致。应力张量包含一个非平凡常数，因此无法仅从宏观电动力学获得。由随机取向的立方晶体颗粒镶嵌组成的系统被用作非晶固体的模型。该系统中的电磁应力张量通过将立方晶体中的相应量对所有取向进行平均来推导。保留了两个分量：电场方向的分量和垂直于电场方向的分量。横向分量与Peierls以完全不同的方式导出的液体中的类似量一致。
英文摘要
The electromagnetic vacuum stress tensor in a system consisting of classical point-like atoms on a cubic lattice is derived directly from the electric field and, alternatively, using the known more phenomenological formula involving the (usually unknown) derivative of the dielectric tensor. The results agree. The stress tensor contains a nontrivial constant and therefore cannot be obtained from macroscopic electrodynamics alone. A system consisting of a mosaic of randomly oriented grains of a cubic crystal is used as a model of an amorphous solid. The electromagnetic stress tensor in this system is deduced by averaging the corresponding quantity in a cubic crystal over all orientations. Two components remain: the component in the direction of the electric field and the component perpendicular to it. The transverse component agrees with the analogous quantity for liquids derived by Peierls in an entirely different way.
