年老疏散星团Trumpler 19中的未分辨三重系统：发现、确认及其意义
Unresolved triple systems in the aged open cluster Trumpler 19: Discovery, confirmation, and implications
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中文总结 AI 辅助
利用Gaia、VVVX和DECAPS2数据，在年老星团Trumpler 19中发现并确认未分辨三重系统，其比例是M 67的三倍，表明这些系统可存活约40亿年。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在太阳附近之外，识别未分辨的三重及更高阶系统是困难的。星团提供了具有已知物理参数的可控环境，为探索均匀恒星样本提供了一种途径。结合现代光学和近红外巡天数据，我们的主要目标是探索色-星等图中位于等质量双星序列之上的区域，该区域由未分辨的三重和四重系统占据。具体而言，我们旨在发现并表征年老疏散星团Trumpler 19中多重系统的存在。我们利用Gaia天体测量以及来自VVVX和DECAPS2巡天的测光数据选择了星团成员。我们制作了光学和近红外色-星等图，以选取位于星团主序上方>0.75星等的恒星，包括合适的未分辨三重和四重系统。我们确认了先前的结果，即Trumpler 19中存在一条可观的未分辨双星序列。我们还报告了在该星团中发现了一条未分辨多重系统序列，并通过ESO KMOS VVVX-GalCen光谱巡天测量的视向速度确认了其中一些多重系统。该星团中多重恒星的比例与太阳邻域相当，但需要注意的是，本地样本探测到主序更深处。未分辨三重和四重系统的比例也比年龄和化学组成相似的疏散星团M 67高出三倍。Trumpler 19中未分辨三重系统的发现引出了我们的主要结论：这些系统能够在星团内存活近40亿年。此外，该星团包含比M 67更多的多重系统，而两者当前总质量相似。需要进一步研究以揭示这是否是原始特征还是动力学演化的结果。
英文摘要
It is difficult to identify unresolved triple and higher-order systems beyond the solar vicinity. Star clusters yield controlled environments with known physical parameters, providing a way to explore homogeneous stellar samples. Combining modern optical and near-IR surveys, our main goal is to explore the region of the color-magnitude diagrams located above the sequence of equal-mass binaries, which is inhabited by unresolved triple and quadruple systems. Specifically, here we aim to discover and characterize the presence of multiple systems in the aged open star cluster Trumpler 19. We selected cluster members using Gaia astrometry and photometry from the VVVX and DECAPS2 surveys. We made optical and near-IR color-magnitude diagrams to select stars located >0.75 mag above the cluster main sequence, including suitable unresolved triple and quadruple systems. We confirm previous results that there is a sizable sequence of unresolved binaries in Trumpler 19. We also report the discovery of a sequence of unresolved multiple systems in this cluster, and confirm some of these multiple systems via radial velocities measured by the ESO KMOS VVVX-GalCen spectroscopic survey. The fraction of multiple stars in this cluster is comparable to that of the solar neighborhood, with the caveat that the local sample probes deeper down the main sequence. The fraction of unresolved triples and quadruples is also three times higher than that of the open cluster M 67, which is of a similar age and chemical composition. The discovery of unresolved triple systems in Trumpler 19 leads to our main conclusion that these systems were able to survive within the cluster for nearly 4 Gyr. In addition, this cluster contains more multiple systems than M 67, which has a similar total present mass. Further investigations are needed to unveil if this is a primordial feature or the result of dynamical evolution.
发表机构
- Universidad Andres Bello（安德斯贝洛大学）
- Vatican Observatory（梵蒂冈天文台）
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina（圣卡塔琳娜联邦大学）
- European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
- University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德大学）
- Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins（贝尔纳多·奥希金斯大学）
- Universidad de Antofagasta（安托法加斯塔大学）
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