快速透镜与亚分钟级高精度测光（FLASH）与 JWST：M31 的管线及原初黑洞微透镜约束
Fast Lensing And Sub-minute High-accuracy photometry (FLASH) with JWST: Pipeline and Primordial Black Hole Microlensing Constraints from M31
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校）
- E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校天文研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出 FLASH 管线，利用 JWST/NIRCam 数据实现分钟级微透镜探测，并在 M31 天区给出首个 JWST 微透镜约束，证明其在高节奏测光中的竞争力。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
分钟级和亚分钟级微透镜为小行星质量尺度的致密暗物质提供了直接探测手段，其中质量 MPBH <~ 10^-10 Msol 的原初黑洞会在河外星系天区中产生对恒星的短时标、受有限源抑制的增亮信号。为实现这些测量，我们提出了 FLASH：基于 JWST 的快速透镜与亚分钟级高精度测光，这是一条旨在通过保留探测器斜坡时间信息并在拥挤天区执行高精度测光，从 JWST/NIRCam 图像中恢复此类事件的管线。FLASH 从 NIRCam 的 Level 1 数据产品出发，应用面向微透镜的探测器定标（包括改进的非线性和位置相关探测器定标处理），并提取拥挤天区中的强制多波段光变曲线。我们将该管线应用于两个公开的 JWST/NIRCam 数据集，它们以 21.5 秒的节奏瞄准 M31 的盘面：GO-4735 和 GO-2609。尽管这些观测作为微透镜巡天并非最优，但它们为 JWST 在高表面亮度、拥挤恒星天区中的时域性能提供了严格检验。利用这些数据并结合我们自己的微透镜模拟，我们得出了首个基于 JWST 的朝向 M31 的微透镜约束，发现对于 MPBH~ 10^-9 Msol，fPBH <~ 100。我们的结果表明，JWST 是高节奏微透镜观测的一个有竞争力的平台，而一个专门的、连续的 NIRCam 监测计划可以大幅改进对当前地面前沿以下致密暗物质的约束。
英文摘要
Minute- and sub-minute microlensing provides a direct probe of compact dark matter at asteroid-mass scales, where primordial black holes with MPBH <~ 10^-10 Msol would produce short-duration, finite-source-suppressed amplifications of stars in extragalactic fields. To enable these measurements, we present FLASH: Fast Lensing And Sub-minute High-accuracy photometry with JWST, a pipeline designed to recover such events from JWST/NIRCam imaging by preserving detector-ramp time information and performing high-precision crowded-field photometry. FLASH begins from Level 1 NIRCam data products, applies microlensing-oriented detector calibration (including improved treatment of non-linearity and position-dependent detector calibration), and extracts forced multi-band light curves in crowded fields. We apply the pipeline to two public JWST/NIRCam datasets targeting the disk of M31 with 21.5 s cadence: GO-4735 and GO-2609. Although these observations are suboptimal as a microlensing survey, they provide a stringent test of JWST time-domain performance in a high-surface-brightness, crowded stellar field. Using these data with our own microlensing simulations, we derive the first JWST-based microlensing constraints toward M31, finding fPBH <~ 100 for MPBH~ 10^-9 Msol. Our results demonstrate that JWST is a competitive platform for high-cadence microlensing and that a dedicated, continuous NIRCam monitoring program could substantially improve constraints on compact dark matter below the current ground-based frontier.
