通过星系团中的星系动力学探索暗区
Exploring the dark sector through galaxy dynamics in clusters
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台）
- IFPU-Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）
- Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学G.奥恰利尼物理系）
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino（都灵大学物理系）
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Torino（意大利国家核物理研究所都灵分部）
- Accademia delle Scienze di Torino（都灵科学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本文综述星系团成员星系运动学方法，用于精确测定质量轮廓，约束暗物质、暗能量及兆秒差距尺度引力，并展望未来光谱巡天在精密宇宙学中的应用。
AI中文摘要：
星系团是探测基础物理的最强大实验室之一，其研究范围涵盖宇宙结构的形成以及暗物质、暗能量和引力的本质。要充分发挥星系团的潜力，需要对其质量轮廓进行准确且无偏的测定，而这正是星系团宇宙学中一个长期存在的挑战。在此背景下，星系团中成员星系的运动学已成为重建质量分布和研究星系团动力学性质的关键工具。大型光谱数据集的出现使得越来越复杂的模型和稳健的技术得以应用，从而使运动学分析在与其他星系团动力学探测手段的竞争中占据优势。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了星系团运动学，涵盖了推断动力学质量和质量轮廓的主要方法、其物理假设，以及诸如偏离动力学平衡、三轴性和次结构等系统效应的影响。我们讨论了与其他研究星系团结构技术的互补性，并重点介绍了近期在检验宇宙学模型方面的应用。我们特别关注运动学研究在约束暗区（暗物质和暗能量）中的作用，以及在兆秒差距尺度上为引力行为提供新见解的贡献。最后，我们概述了当前的局限性和未来前景，强调改进的建模与即将开展的光谱巡天的结合，将使星系团运动学成为精密宇宙学时代的基本探针。
英文摘要：
Galaxy clusters are among the most powerful laboratories to probe fundamental physics, from the formation of cosmic structures to the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and gravity. Realizing their full potential requires accurate and unbiased determinations of their mass profiles, a longstanding challenge in cluster cosmology. In this context, the kinematics of member galaxies in clusters has become a key tool to reconstruct the mass distribution and to investigate the dynamical properties of clusters. The advent of large spectroscopic datasets has enabled the application of increasingly sophisticated models and robust techniques, which make kinematic analyses competitive with other probes of cluster dynamics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of cluster kinematics, covering the main methods to infer dynamical masses and mass profiles, their physical assumptions, and the impact of systematics such as deviation from dynamical equilibrium, triaxiality, and substructures. We discuss the complementarity with other techniques to investigate the structure of clusters and highlight recent applications to tests cosmological models. We focus in particular on the role of kinematical studies in constraining the dark sector (dark matter and dark energy) and in providing novel insights into the behavior of gravity at Mpc scales. Finally, we outline current limitations and future prospects, emphasizing that the combination of improved modeling and forthcoming spectroscopic surveys will establish cluster kinematics as a fundamental probe in the era of precision cosmology.
