发表机构
Wayne State University（韦恩州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对微电网负荷频率控制中传统MPC存在的随机饱和问题，提出SHCMPC和SAMPC两种策略，可改善调节性能，其中SAMPC计算效率更高。
AI 中文摘要
随着微电网中基于逆变器的资源（IBRs）渗透率不断提高，人们期望它们在负荷频率控制（LFC）中发挥更大作用。模型预测控制（MPC）因能纳入系统动态特性和运行约束，在LFC中颇具吸引力。然而，多数基于MPC的LFC方案依赖基于可再生能源预测可用性或储能系统的固定备用裕度。在短期可再生能源间歇性作用下，IBRs的备用裕度具有随机性和时变性，导致最优控制指令超出物理可实现的调节能力，引发随机饱和。这种控制-执行器不匹配会降低LFC性能。为此，本研究针对以光伏为主的微电网提出两种考虑备用裕度的策略：其一，随机备用裕度约束模型预测控制（SHCMPC），通过时变输入约束纳入备用裕度预测，确保控制可行性；其二，随机自适应模型预测控制（SAMPC），通过基于预测备用裕度自适应惩罚控制动作，将备用裕度感知嵌入MPC目标函数，减少对备用裕度有限单元的依赖，无需设置严格的时变约束。仿真结果表明，随机饱和会降低传统基于MPC的LFC性能，尤其是在备用裕度紧张时；两种策略均能提升调节性能，SHCMPC可消除饱和事件，而SAMPC在计算量更低的情况下实现了显著的饱和缓解，为随机可再生能源可用性下的实时LFC提供了一种计算高效的替代方案。
英文摘要
As the penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) increases in microgrids, they are increasingly expected to play a greater role in load frequency control (LFC). Model predictive control (MPC) is attractive for LFC because it incorporates system dynamics and operational constraints. However, most MPC-based LFC formulations rely on fixed reserve headroom based on forecasted renewable availability or storage systems. Under short-term renewable intermittency, IBR headroom is stochastic and time-varying, causing optimal control commands to exceed the physically deliverable regulation capability and cause stochastic saturation. This control-actuator mismatch degrades LFC performance. Accordingly, this study develops two headroom-aware strategies for PV-dominated microgrids. First, stochastic headroom constrained MPC (SHCMPC) incorporates headroom predictions through time-varying input constraints to enforce control feasibility. Second, stochastic adaptive MPC (SAMPC) embeds headroom awareness into the MPC objective function by adaptively penalizing control actions based on predicted headroom, reducing reliance on units with limited headroom without hard time-varying constraints. Simulation results show that stochastic saturation degrades conventional MPC-based LFC, particularly under tight reserve margins. Both strategies improve regulation performance. SHCMPC eliminates saturation events, while SAMPC achieves substantial saturation mitigation with lower computational effort, offering a computationally efficient alternative for real-time LFC under stochastic renewable availability.
