发表机构
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics; Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire; Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology; The Kavli Institute for Cosmology (KICC), University of Cambridge; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge; Institute of Astrophysics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton（大学天文与天体物理中心; 赫特福德大学天体物理研究中心; 斯威本科技大学天体物理与超级计算中心; 剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所; 剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室; 安德烈斯贝略大学精确科学学院天体物理研究所; 密歇根大学天文学系; 南安普顿大学物理与天文学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究在Rubin LSST早期数据预览2中发现极低声面亮度星系候选体Rubin J122659.4+090236，通过建模和测光红移分析探讨其红移可能性，展现了Rubin对极弥散星系的探测能力及LSST巡天的相关研究潜力。
AI 中文摘要
我们报告了在Rubin天文台对相互作用星系NGC 4410系统的成像中偶然发现的一个异常低表面亮度星系（LSBG）候选体Rubin J122659.4+090236，该候选体在Cosmic Treasure Chest公开发布数据中被识别。对Rubin的g、r、i波段图像进行二维Sérsic建模显示，该系统近乎圆形，具有平缓的轮廓（n≈0.4），有效半径R_e≈6角秒，中心表面亮度分别为μ_{0,g}=27.52±0.04、μ_{0,r}=27.62±0.07、μ_{0,i}=27.04±0.08 mag arcsec⁻²。EAZY测光红移拟合倾向于红移z≈0.3的中等红移解，而在0<z<0.1范围内不施加红移先验的受限EAZY拟合也允许z≈0.028的低红移解，该解与NGC 4410系统一致。这些不同的红移解暗示了截然不同的物理解释，范围从弥散的矮星系状系统到异常延展的背景LSBG。这一发现证明了Rubin对极弥散星系的探测灵敏度，并凸显了LSST巡天在大天区范围内发现大量此类难以观测系统的潜力，为系统研究LSBG族群及其在星系演化中的作用提供了可能。
英文摘要
We report the serendipitous discovery of an exceptionally low surface brightness galaxy (LSBG) candidate, Rubin J122659.4+090236, in Rubin Observatory imaging of the interacting NGC 4410 system, identified in the Cosmic Treasure Chest public release. 2D Sérsic modelling of the Rubin g, r, and i images reveals a nearly round system with a shallow profile (n ~ 0.4), an effective radius of R_e ~ 6'', and central surface brightnesses of $μ_{0,g}=27.52\pm0.04$, $μ_{0,r}=27.62\pm0.07$, and $μ_{0,i}=27.04\pm0.08$ mag arcsec$^{-2}$. EAZY photo-z fitting favours an intermediate-z solution at z~0.3, while a low-redshift solution at z~0.028, consistent with the NGC 4410 system, is also permitted by a restricted EAZY fit over 0<z<0.1 without imposing a redshift prior. These alternatives imply substantially different physical interpretations, ranging from a diffuse dwarf-like system to an exceptionally extended background LSBG. This discovery demonstrates Rubin's sensitivity to extremely diffuse galaxies and highlights the potential of the LSST survey to uncover large samples of such elusive systems across wide areas, enabling systematic studies of the LSBG population and its role in galaxy evolution.
Comments16 pages (including appendices), 9 figures, 4 tables
