支配随机摆钟的普适热力学定律
Universal Thermodynamic Law Governing Stochastic Pendulum Clocks
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo（东京大学前沿科学研究生院复杂科学与工程系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究针对随机摆钟这类欠阻尼系统，发现其相位不确定性乘积与熵产生存在仅依赖非线性程度的普适热力学关系，为设计高效摆钟提供了基础。
AI中文摘要：
时钟作为物理装置，其性能尤其是精度受热力学定律的根本限制。但已知的热力学不确定性关系（TUR）对振荡精度的不确定性乘积与熵产生施加上限，却在欠阻尼系统（如随机摆钟）中被违反。本文中，我们表明对于一类被描述为弱非线性振子的通用随机摆钟，其相位的不确定性乘积与熵产生呈现仅依赖于非线性程度的普适简单形式。我们利用多个代表性摆钟模型检验该关系的有效性与局限性。我们的框架揭示了超越传统TUR的、支配随机摆钟的普适热力学原理，为设计能在随机环境中高效运行的最优摆钟提供了基础。
英文摘要：
Clocks' performance, especially their precision, is fundamentally limited by thermodynamic laws as they are physical devices. Yet, it is known that the established thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which imposes an upper bound on the uncertainty product of the precision of oscillations and entropy production, is violated for underdamped systems such as stochastic pendulum clocks. Here, we show that for a general class of stochastic pendulum clocks described as a weakly nonlinear oscillator the uncertainty product of the phase of a pendulum clock and entropy production takes a universal and simple form that depends solely on the degree of nonlinearity. Its validity and limitations are examined using several representative models of pendulum clocks. Our framework reveals a universal thermodynamic principle governing stochastic pendulum clocks beyond the conventional TUR and provides a foundation for designing optimal pendulum clocks that operate efficiently in stochastic environments.
