QUASAR：量子卫星架构与路由模拟器

中文摘要 AI 辅助

低轨（LEO）卫星星座的部署是迈向全球规模量子网络的重要一步，但在时空轨道动态性与量子物理约束下评估卫星量子网络协议，计算成本高昂且极具挑战性。本文提出QUASAR，一款用于评估卫星量子网络中纠缠分发的轻量级模拟器，其采用解耦架构，将动态轨道拓扑、时变光学透射率及量子存储器退相干整合为网络层属性。为验证其能力，本文抽象并实现两种代表性硬件架构：同步下行链路与轨道拼接，还引入感知纠缠分发速率（EDR）的时空路由（EASR）启发式算法作为参考工作负载。案例研究表明，QUASAR可支持不同卫星架构、路由工作负载、真实轨道轨迹、并发请求及可扩展事件驱动执行，其网络层更新延迟较连续轮询低85%以上，为未来卫星量子网络协议评估提供实用且可扩展的框架。

英文摘要

The deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is an important step toward global-scale quantum networking. However, evaluating satellite quantum network protocols under spatiotemporal orbital dynamics and quantum physical constraints remains computationally expensive and challenging. In this paper, we propose QUASAR, a lightweight simulator for evaluating entanglement distribution in satellite-based quantum networks. QUASAR provides a decoupled architecture that integrates dynamic orbital topologies, time-varying optical transmittance, and quantum memory decoherence into network- layer attributes. To demonstrate its capabilities, we abstract and implement two representative hardware architectures: Simultaneous Downlink and On-Orbit Stitching. We further introduce an Entanglement Distribution Rate (EDR)-Aware Spatiotemporal Routing (EASR) heuristic as a reference workload. Our case study examines how QUASAR supports different satellite architectures, routing workloads, realistic orbital traces, concurrent requests, and scalable event-driven execution. With over 85% lower network-layer update latency than continuous polling, QUASAR provides a practical and extensible framework for future satellite quantum network protocol evaluation.

发表机构

• College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学计算机科学与工程学院）

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