辅助量子比特介导的开放量子系统稳态工程

中文摘要 AI 辅助

调控库的性质及其与量子系统的耦合，是模拟量子热力学过程、生成其他方式无法获得的稳态的强大工具。然而，在单一平台内同时定制库及其耦合仍具挑战性。本文提出一种平台，其中辅助量子比特介导目标系统与库的耦合，可独立控制相互作用形式、耦合强度和有效库温度。该实现采用金刚石中单氮空位（NV）中心的电子自旋作为辅助量子比特，邻近的13C核自旋作为目标系统。通过交替进行的受控幺正相互作用与耗散辅助量子比特重置，实现了可由碰撞模型自然描述的动力学，能够直接追踪每次碰撞产生的功、热、相干性和熵。实验中不仅展示了常规热化过程，还实现了反热化：使目标系统稳定在与库温度相反的状态。最后，利用该稳态工程，将核自旋作为量子电池，实现了稳态功容量超过理论最大值的70%。

英文摘要

Engineering the properties of a reservoir and its coupling to a quantum system is a powerful tool for simulating quantum thermodynamic processes and for generating otherwise inaccessible steady states. Yet tailoring both the reservoir and its coupling within a single platform remains challenging. Here we introduce a platform, in which an ancilla qubit mediates the coupling of a target system to a reservoir, providing independent control over the interaction form, coupling strength, and effective reservoir temperature. Our implementation uses the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond as the ancilla and a proximal $^{13}$C nuclear spin as the target. By alternating engineered unitary interactions with dissipative ancilla resets, we realize dynamics naturally described by a collision model, enabling straight-forward tracking of the work, heat, coherence, and entropy generated at every collision. We experimentally demonstrate conventional thermalization and also realize anti-thermalization: the stabilization of the target system in a temperature opposite to that of its reservoir. Finally, harnessing this steady-state engineering, we utilize the nuclear spin as a quantum battery, achieving a steady-state ergotropy exceeding $70\%$ of the theoretical maximum.

发表机构

• Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室）
• University of Potsdam, Institute of Physics and Astronomy（波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所）
• Raman Research Institute（拉曼研究所）
• Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学物理与天文学系）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。

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11 pages, 6 figures