发表机构
Indian Institute of Technology Goa（果阿印度理工学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出基于分段线性近似的无符号平方根计算单元EOSQR，实现了低硬件开销下的高计算精度，在图像处理任务中表现优异，适合实时边缘嵌入式系统
AI 中文摘要
近似计算可在容错应用中提升能效，但平方根单元因硬件成本与计算精度间的权衡仍具挑战性。本文提出一种面向2n位输入的基于分段线性近似的能效优化、误差优化无符号平方根计算单元（EOSQR），仅通过简单算术与移位操作即可实现高精度与低硬件复杂度。该EOSQR设计采用Verilog-HDL实现，并在Artix-7 FPGA上合成16位基准进行评估。与代表性的最先进近似平方根单元相比，EOSQR在精度关键设计中实现最低误差，同时相较于精确的基于恢复阵列的平方根单元，实现了61.91%的资源节省、77.54%的功耗节省与53.11%的延迟降低。为实现整体评估，本文引入复合效率度量（CEM）以联合捕捉精度与能效。EOSQR进一步在代表性图像处理 workload（包括Sobel边缘检测、K-means颜色量化与K近邻（KNN）分类）中得到验证。实验结果表明，EOSQR实现了高计算精度，同时具备基于CEM的优异精度-硬件效率权衡，且保持视觉质量与分类性能，非常适合实时边缘嵌入式系统。
英文摘要
Approximate computing improves energy efficiency in error-resilient applications, but square root units remain challenging due to the trade-off between hardware cost and computational accuracy. This paper presents an energy-efficient, error-optimized, piecewise-linear approximation-based unsigned square rooter (EOSQR) for 2n-bit inputs that achieves high accuracy with low hardware complexity, using only simple arithmetic and shift operations. The EOSQR design is implemented in Verilog-HDL and evaluated on a 16-bit benchmark synthesized on an Artix-7 FPGA. Compared to representative state-of-the-art approximate square rooters, EOSQR achieves the lowest error among accuracy-critical designs while delivering 61.91 percent resource savings, 77.54 percent power savings, and 53.11 percent latency reduction relative to a precise restoring array-based square rooter. To enable holistic evaluation, a Composite Efficiency Metric (CEM) is introduced to jointly capture accuracy and energy efficiency. EOSQR is further validated across representative image-processing workloads, including Sobel edge detection, K-means colour quantization, and K-nearest-neighbour (KNN) classification. Experimental results demonstrate that EOSQR achieves high computational accuracy with a superior CEM-based accuracy-hardware efficiency trade-off while maintaining visual quality and classification performance, making it well-suited for real-time edge-embedded systems.
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