发表机构
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati（印度理工学院古瓦哈提分校物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该综述聚焦金刚石氮空位中心的量子生物传感，介绍其磁力计技术、平台与应用，探讨核心检测模态、关键挑战及未来前景，为量子传感转化为实用生物医学应用提供方向。
AI 中文摘要
采用金刚石中氮空位（NV）中心的量子传感，已成为在常温常压条件下检测超弱磁场的强大平台。得益于其较长的自旋相干时间、光学可寻址性以及与水相环境的兼容性，该技术已在生物传感与生物成像领域获得广泛应用。本综述阐述了用于生物传感应用的NV基量子磁力计的基本原理与最新进展，尤其聚焦于水相介质、细胞及分子尺度下的测量。我们讨论了NV中心的基础自旋物理，并重点介绍两种主要检测模态：光探测磁共振（ODMR）与基于T1弛豫的传感，以及这些方法如何助力检测静态磁场与生物过程产生的动态磁噪声。本综述探讨了关键应用领域，包括纳米尺度核磁共振（NMR）、神经活动监测、采用NV基平台检测异常或 rogue 细胞等。此外，还深入讨论了提升灵敏度的策略，如纳米金刚石的表面功能化、飞秒（fs）激光写入的光子结构，以及与微流控和芯片实验室系统的集成。我们还探讨了NV基生物传感应用面临的关键挑战，包括表面诱导的退相干、电荷态不稳定性以及生物流体中的信噪比限制。最后，我们展望了未来前景，强调NV基磁生物传感为将量子传感技术转化为实用生物医学应用提供了一条有前景的路径。
英文摘要
Quantum sensing using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has emerged as a powerful platform for detecting ultra-low magnetic fields under ambient conditions. Owing to their long spin coherence times, optical addressability, and compatibility with aqueous environments, it has found widespread applications in biosensing and bio-imaging. This review presents the fundamental principles and recent advances in NV-based quantum magnetometry for biosensing applications, with a particular focus on measurements in aqueous medium and at cellular and molecular length scales. We discuss the underlying spin physics of NV centers and highlight two primary detection modalities: optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and T1 relaxometry-based sensing and how these approaches aids in the detection of both static magnetic fields and dynamic magnetic noise arising from biological processes. The review explores key application areas, including nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), monitoring of neural activity, detection of abnormal or rogue cells using NV-based platforms etc. In addition, strategies for enhancing sensitivity, such as surface functionalization of nanodiamonds, femtosecond (fs) laser-written photonic structures, and integration with microfluidic and lab-on-chip systems have also been discussed in depth. We also address the critical challenges, including surface-induced decoherence, charge-state instability, and signal-to-noise limitations in biofluids associated with NV-based biosensing applications. Finally, we outline future prospects, highlighting how NV-based magnetic biosensing provides a promising pathway for translating quantum sensing technologies into practical biomedical applications.
