发表机构
National Institute of Technology Puducherry; Swansea University（国立技术学院普杜切里; 斯旺西大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究对比量子电池中1比特集体信息与1比特局域信息的功增益，发现集体信息的功增益为局域信息的N ln2倍，揭示了量子电池中集体信息的高价值及相关标度特性。
AI 中文摘要
通过集体非绝热冲程为量子电池充电时，能量会存储在共享玻色模式中，但部分能量会被锁定在与集体自旋的关联中，仅对模式单独作用的循环幺正变换不可访问。持有1比特信息的麦克斯韦妖可解锁这部分能量，其量化指标为妖功（daemonic ergotropy）。我们研究1比特信息的价值及其与信息来源位置的依赖关系。在匹配存储能量和匹配信息的条件下，我们对比了两种协议，采用携带恰好1比特信息的平衡两结果测量方案。研究发现，关于集体坐标的1比特信息，其解锁的功是关于单个离子的1比特信息解锁功的N ln(2)倍。在三种存储能量设置下，当N=4至24时，测得的标度指数为0.990±0.043，而双外推法给出的 prefactor（系数）为0.69298±0.00044，与ln(2)的偏差在0.02%以内。在主导阶，妖增益等于νμ²乘以Jx的结果间方差，数值验证误差为1.3%。平衡单离子测量可分辨该方差的1/4，而平衡集体分裂测量可分辨(ln(2)/4)N倍的方差。该系数的微观起源仍未明确；高斯中值分裂估计的1/(2π)被排除的概率为9%。1比特信息可恢复与N无关的固定比例的锁定能量，且每比特产生的功约为完整读出的两倍，表明存在强边际收益递减效应。我们还表明，未归一化的增益比较可能会反转结论，且当模式频率变化时，盈亏平衡离子数不会坍缩到Dicke超辐射阈值。
英文摘要
Charging a quantum battery through a collective non-adiabatic stroke stores energy in a shared bosonic mode, but part remains locked in correlations with the collective spin and is inaccessible to cyclic unitaries acting on the mode alone. A demon holding one bit can unlock this energy, quantified by the daemonic ergotropy. We investigate the value of one bit and its dependence on where the information is obtained. Two protocols are compared at matched stored energy and matched information, using balanced two-outcome measurements carrying exactly one bit. We find that one bit about the collective coordinate unlocks N ln(2) times as much work as one bit about a single ion. For three stored-energy settings and N = 4-24, the measured scaling exponent is 0.990 +/- 0.043, while double extrapolation gives a prefactor of 0.69298 +/- 0.00044, within 0.02% of ln(2). To leading order, the daemonic gain equals nu mu^2 times the between-outcome variance of Jx, verified numerically to 1.3%. A balanced single-ion measurement resolves 1/4 of this variance, whereas a balanced collective split resolves (ln(2)/4)N. The microscopic origin of the prefactor remains open; a Gaussian median-split estimate of 1/(2pi) is excluded by 9%. One bit recovers a constant fraction of the locked energy independent of N and yields roughly twice as much work per bit as a complete readout, indicating strong diminishing returns. We also show that unnormalized gain comparisons can reverse the conclusion and that the break-even ion number does not collapse onto the Dicke superradiant threshold when the mode frequency is varied.
