发表机构
University of Ngaoundere; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University; University of Bisha; University of Business and Technology; University of Maroua; University of Yaounde I（恩冈代雷大学; 斯坦伦布什大学高级研究所（STIAS），瓦伦伯格研究中心; 比沙大学; 商业与技术大学; 马鲁阿大学; 雅温得第一大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究针对单端口非厄米传感器的精度限制，提出多端口光机械梯状结构，利用基于梯度的可微最优控制实现赫维茨稳定下的费舍尔信息最大化，为亚阿牛力传感和宽带轴子搜索提供方案。
AI 中文摘要
在单端口非厄米传感器中，彼得曼因子抵消了 susceptibility 增益，对计量精度施加了严格的资源限制。我们测试多端口几何结构是否能规避该限制：一种具有反向非互易耦合的双链光机械梯状结构，可在空间上将信号放大与量子噪声耗散分离，而基于梯度的可微最优控制（DOC）则在满足赫维茨稳定性约束的条件下最大化资源归一化费舍尔信息 $\tilde{\boldsymbol{\text{F}}}$。在系统规模 $N \in\{6,\dots,16\}$ 范围内，优化器在所有情况下均返回 $\tilde{\boldsymbol{\text{F}}}>0$，存在两类共存的解，其选择取决于初始化：深稳定性构型实现 $\tilde{\boldsymbol{\text{F}}}\in\numrange{0.937}{0.987}$，伴随衰减的传输；而边缘稳定性构型则提供方向增益 $\text{G}_\text{fwd}\in\qtyrange{13.5}{15.5}{\text{dB}}$，隔离度 $\text{Iso}\in\qtyrange{40}{64}{\text{dB}}$。多重启集合表明这些类是精度-增益前沿的端点。所有解在 $5\\\\%$ 无序（$87.5\\\\%$ 恢复）下仍保持赫维茨稳定性，且深稳定性优势在实际前置放大器噪声下仍存在，有效费舍尔信息 $\tilde{\boldsymbol{\text{F}}}_\text{eff}\approx\num{0.3}$--$\num{0.5}$。映射到电路-QED 参数后，该架构可实现亚阿牛级力传感和 $1$ 至 $10$ 吉赫兹宽带轴子搜索。
英文摘要
In single-port non-Hermitian sensors the Petermann factor offsets susceptibility gains, imposing a strict resource bound on metrological precision. We test whether a multi-port geometry can evade this bound: a double-chain optomechanical ladder with opposing non-reciprocal hoppings spatially separates signal amplification from quantum-noise drainage, and gradient-based differentiable optimal control (DOC) maximizes the resource-normalized Fisher information $\Fnorm$ subject to a Hurwitz-stability constraint. Across system sizes $N\in\{\num{6},\dots,\num{16}\}$ the optimizer returns $\Fnorm>0$ in every case, with two coexisting solution classes whose selection is initialization-dependent: deep-stability configurations achieve $\Fnorm\in\numrange{0.937}{0.987}$ with attenuated transmission, while marginal-stability configurations deliver directional gain $\Gfwd\in\qtyrange{13.5}{15.5}{\dB}$ with isolation $\Iso\in\qtyrange{40}{64}{\dB}$. A multi-restart ensemble reveals these classes are the endpoints of a precision--gain frontier. All solutions remain Hurwitz-stable under \qty{5}{\percent} disorder (\qty{87.5}{\percent} recovery), and the deep-stability advantage survives realistic preamplifier noise at $\Fnormeff\approx\num{0.3}$--$\num{0.5}$. Mapped onto circuit-QED parameters, the architecture enables sub-attonewton force sensing and broadband axion searches across the \qtyrange{1}{10}{\giga\hertz} band.
Commentsmain 21 pages, SI 18 pages, 12 figures
