发表机构
University of Graz; Politecnico di Torino; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Université Paris-Saclay; Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM); Candiolo Cancer Institute IRCCS（格拉茨大学; 都灵理工大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所; 巴黎萨克雷大学; 意大利基因组医学研究所; 坎迪奥洛癌症研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究扩展分子分选的统计物理框架纳入动态膜行为，确定了囊泡分裂与高效分选的参数区域，发现分子蒸馏的速度-质量权衡，提出以负熵产生率最大化平衡该权衡的准则。
AI 中文摘要
真核细胞依赖膜介导的过程区隔生物分子，抵消扩散驱动的均化作用。这些过程涉及将分子选择性分选并包装进脂质囊泡，随后转运至合适的细胞内目的地。此前研究引入了抽象的统计物理学框架来研究这种分子蒸馏过程，其中膜被视为静态，重点关注分子聚集与提取。本文将该框架扩展，明确纳入动态膜行为，包括弯曲、曲率生成，以及因囊泡融合与分裂事件导致的膜尺寸变化。分选结构域驱动膜曲率，引发囊泡形成、脱离，以及改变膜尺寸的分子蒸馏过程。利用介观建模与数值工具，我们研究膜力学与分子分选的相互作用，确定了囊泡分裂与高效分子分选发生的明确定义参数区域，由膜刚度、自发曲率和跨膜压差控制。我们进一步识别出分子蒸馏速度与质量间的权衡：加速囊泡形成的参数往往降低蒸馏质量，反之亦然。我们提出将负熵产生率最大化作为平衡这些竞争效应的自然准则，在此背景下，最优参数由分子聚集与膜力学的耦合动态自然产生，为细胞分选系统在快速囊泡形成与高分选质量间实现高效平衡提供了潜在策略。
英文摘要
Eukaryotic cells rely on membrane-mediated processes to compartmentalize biomolecules, counteracting diffusion-driven homogenization. These processes involve the selective sorting and packing of molecules into lipid vesicles, which are then dispatched to appropriate intracellular destinations. Previous works introduced an abstract statistical physics framework for studying this molecular distillation process, where the membrane was treated as static and the focus was on molecular aggregation and extraction. Here, we extend this framework to explicitly incorporate dynamic membrane behavior, including bending, curvature generation, and changes in membrane size due to vesicle fusion and fission events. Sorting domains drive membrane curvature, leading to vesicle formation, detachment, and a molecular distillation process that alters membrane size. Using mesoscopic modeling and numerical tools, we investigate the resulting interplay between membrane mechanics and molecular sorting. We determine a well-defined parameter region where vesicle fission and efficient molecular sorting occur, controlled by membrane rigidity, spontaneous curvature, and pressure difference across the membrane. We further identify a trade-off between speed and quality of molecular distillation: parameters that accelerate vesicle formation tend to reduce the quality of distillation, and vice versa. We propose maximization of the rate of negative entropy production as a natural criterion to optimally balance these competing effects. In this context, optimal parameters emerge naturally from the coupled dynamics of molecular aggregation and membrane mechanics, suggesting a possible strategy for cellular sorting systems to strike an efficient balance between rapid vesicle formation and high sorting quality.
