发表机构
Kocaeli University（科贾埃利大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究探讨虫洞诱导引力轴子质量的决定机制，发现轴子质量依赖婴儿宇宙态而非普适值，平均谱测度的隙由α分布本性下确界决定，高斯婴儿宇宙态下无质量隙，指出无态指定的虫洞轴子预测不具唯一性。
AI 中文摘要
欧几里得虫洞可破坏轴子平移对称性，当该对称性破缺时，会为轴子生成周期性势，该势在极小值点的曲率可赋予轴子质量。本研究严肃对待如下假设：仅存在虫洞并不意味着轴子质量可被唯一确定，确定其质量需要更多信息。我们首先证明，对于具有O(4)对称性的Giddings--Strominger虫洞，引力庞特里亚金密度为零，因此动力学Chern--Simons相互作用可在不改变经典虫洞作用量的前提下，影响量子效应，包括行列式相位和费米子选择定则。我们还得出结论：在固定的α扇区中，轴子可具有特定质量，但该质量依赖于婴儿宇宙态，并非普适值。随后，针对会产生条件质量分布的α扇区混合情形，我们证明平均谱测度的下边缘由α分布上条件质量平方的本性下确界决定。最后我们得出结论：即使几乎所有单个扇区都有质量且平均质量平方也非零，但若测度的支集在对称点α=0处累积，平均谱测度将是无隙的。为阐明讨论，我们考虑了该情形的一个清晰示例——高斯婴儿宇宙态，并证明在该态中谱阈值从零开始，不存在孤立的有质量极点。因此，在未指定婴儿宇宙态的情况下，从虫洞预测引力轴子的质量和宇宙学性质并非唯一的、与态无关的预测。
英文摘要
Euclidean wormholes can break the axion shift symmetry, and when this symmetry is broken, a periodic potential is created for the axion, and the curvature of this potential at a minimum point can give the axion mass. In this work, we take seriously the assumption that the mere existence of a wormhole does not mean that the axion mass is uniquely determined, and that more information is needed to determine it. We first show that since for a Giddings--Strominger wormhole with symmetry \(O(4)\), the gravitational Pontryagin density is zero, the dynamical Chern--Simons interaction can affect quantum effects, including the determinant phase and fermionic selection rules, without changing the classical wormhole action. We also conclude that in a fixed \(α\) sector, the axion can have a specific mass, but this mass depends on the baby-universe state and is not a universal value. Then, for the mixed case of \(α\) sectors that give a distribution of conditional masses, we show that the lower edge of the averaged spectral measure is determined by the essential infimum of the conditional mass squared over the $α$ distribution. Finally, we conclude that even if almost all individual sectors are massive and the mean mass squared is also non-zero, if the support of the measure accumulates at the symmetric point \(α=0\), the averaged spectral measure will be gapless. To clarify the discussion, we consider a clear example of this situation, which can be a Gaussian baby-universe state, and show that in it the spectral threshold starts at zero and there is no isolated massive pole. Therefore, predicting the mass and cosmology of a gravi-axion from a wormhole without specifying the baby-universe state is not a unique, state-independent prediction.
