开放格点规范理论中的非阿贝尔弦熔化与热化
Non-Abelian string melting and thermalization in an open lattice gauge theory
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich（慕尼黑大学）
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST)（慕尼黑量子科学与技术中心）
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics（马克斯·普朗克量子光学研究所）
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器）
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari（巴里大学物理系）
- INFN, Sezione di Bari（意大利国家核物理研究所巴里分部）
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学理学院物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究针对1+1维SU(2)杨-米尔斯开放格点规范理论，采用张量网络求解，揭示非阿贝尔结构对弦熔化、热化时间的影响，建立了规范不变的开放非阿贝尔格点规范理论热化与弦动力学框架。
AI中文摘要：
开放系统格点规范理论（LGT）迄今为止主要在阿贝尔框架下发展，这留下了一个待解决的问题：真正的非阿贝尔规范结构如何重塑耗散实时动力学。本文研究了1+1维SU(2)杨-米尔斯格点规范理论，其中动力学物质通过规范不变的Lindblad演化与热标量环境耦合，我们采用张量网络对其进行求解。从由色电通量弦连接的正反夸克对出发，我们发现热介质通过使色电荷离域并屏蔽通量来熔化该弦；在共振条件下，这种耗散熔化与相干弦断裂竞争并延迟后者。热化时间随环境耦合呈非单调变化：在弱耗散时，通过环境辅助输运而减小，随后在量子芝诺 regime 中增大。在强退相干极限下，Schrieffer-Wolff展开将动力学映射到经典排斥过程，并解析得到Liouvillian热化时间。除了这些通用的开放系统效应外，非阿贝尔物质结构在稳态中产生系统性的介子偏差，且热化时间随温度升高而减小，这与阿贝尔施温格模型的趋势形成对比，且与夸克胶子等离子体的pNRQCD研究定性一致。这些结果为开放非阿贝尔格点规范理论中的热化与弦动力学建立了一个规范不变的框架。
英文摘要：
Open-system lattice gauge theory (LGT) has so far been developed predominantly in Abelian settings, leaving open how genuinely non-Abelian gauge structure reshapes dissipative real-time dynamics. Here, we study a $1+1$D SU(2) Yang--Mills LGT with dynamical matter coupled to a thermal scalar environment through a gauge-preserving Lindblad evolution, which we solve using tensor networks. Starting from a quark--antiquark pair connected by a chromoelectric flux string, we find that the thermal medium melts the string by delocalizing the color charges and screening the flux; on resonance, this dissipative melting competes with and delays coherent string breaking. The thermalization time is non-monotonic in the environment coupling, decreasing through environment-assisted transport at weak dissipation before increasing in a quantum-Zeno regime. In the strong-dephasing limit, a Schrieffer--Wolff expansion maps the dynamics to a classical exclusion process and yields the Liouvillian thermalization time analytically. Beyond these generic open-system effects, the non-Abelian matter structure produces a systematic mesonic bias in the steady state, while the thermalization time decreases with temperature, in contrast to the Abelian Schwinger model trend and in qualitative agreement with pNRQCD studies of the quark--gluon plasma. These results establish a gauge-preserving framework for thermalization and string dynamics in open non-Abelian lattice gauge theories.
