AI 中文总结
该研究分析含玻色子暗物质的一阶相变致密星，发现暗物质消除双生星不稳定段、存在两类超致密天体及终极双生星，可通过观测探测暗物质与夸克相变。
AI 中文摘要
本研究探讨了具有强一阶相变到夸克物质、且包含自相互作用玻色子暗物质（DM）流体的致密星的性质。我们发现，与单一流体准则相比，暗物质的加入会显著改变质量-半径构型的稳定性。对于质量相似但半径不同的致密星构型（即所谓的双生星），暗物质的存在消除了强子分支与混合分支之间的不稳定段，使得相变到夸克物质后，稳定的质量-半径序列变为连续的。此外，我们发现了稳定的超致密天体（UCO），其总致密性定义为$C = M_\text{tot}/R_\text{grav} \ge 1/3$。我们观测到两类截然不同的超致密天体：暗物质晕类（$f_\text{DM} \gtrsim 0.9$）和暗物质核类（$f_\text{DM} \lesssim 0.02$）。这两类可通过普通物质的表面红移区分：暗物质核类的表面红移达到$z=0.73$–$0.77$，而暗物质晕类的表面红移低于$0.45$。最后，我们发现了“终极双生星”的混合星解，其质量和可见半径相似，但暗物质含量不同，导致潮汐形变和表面红移存在差异。未来对半径和质量超出中子星允许范围的超致密中子星的X射线与引力测量，可用于探测暗物质的存在及其性质，以及一阶相变到夸克物质的情况。
英文摘要
The properties of compact stars with a strong first-order phase transition to quark matter and with an additional fluid of self-interacting bosonic dark matter (DM) are studied. We find that the inclusion of DM changes considerably the stability of mass-radius configurations relative to the naive one-fluid criterion. For compact star configurations with similar masses and different radii, so-called twin stars, the presence of DM removes the unstable segment between the hadronic and the hybrid branch, so that the stable mass-radius sequence becomes continuous after the onset of the phase transition to quark matter. We furthermore find stable ultra-compact objects (UCOs), defined by a total compactness $C = M_\text{tot}/R_\text{grav} \ge 1/3$. We observe two distinct classes of UCOs: a DM-halo class with $f_\text{DM} \gtrsim 0.9$, and a DM-core class at $f_\text{DM} \lesssim 0.02$. The two classes can be separated by the surface redshift of the normal matter, which reaches $z=0.73$--$0.77$ for the DM-core class and stays below $0.45$ for the DM-halo class. Finally, we find hybrid star solutions of 'ultimate twins' with similar mass and visible radius, but different dark matter content, leading to different tidal deformabilities and surface redshifts. Future X-ray and gravitational measurements of ultra-compact neutron stars with radii and masses outside the allowed neutron star range can thereby probe the presence and the properties of DM in addition to a first-order phase transition to quark matter.
Comments18 pages, 10 figures
