固定后缀依赖率：量化拉脱维亚语借词中性属指派的双轨机制

中文摘要 AI 辅助

现有研究多次观察到，英语借词在不同接受语言中倾向于集中在阳性性别，然而该模式的起源难以确定，因为固定形态规则与默认指派常被一并分析。本研究提出固定后缀依赖率（Fixed Suffix Dependency Ratio, FSDR），用于量化不同性别对固定派生词缀的依赖程度，并区分分布中的形态锚定与自由选择。通过考察1832个拉脱维亚语名词词干类型，结果显示借词系统内存在显著的FSDR不对称性：阴性借词对固定派生词缀的依赖显著更强，而阳性借词更集中于自由选择区域。该模式具有借词特异性，且在当代用法中愈发明显。因此，FSDR为检验默认性别提供了量化框架，并揭示了语言接触下阳性默认如何被激活与强化。

英文摘要

Existing research has repeatedly observed the tendency for English loanwords to cluster in the masculine gender across different recipient languages, yet the origin of this pattern remains difficult to determine, as fixed morphological rules and default assignments are frequently analysed together. This study proposes the Fixed Suffix Dependency Ratio (FSDR) to quantify the degree of reliance on fixed derivational suffixes across different genders, and to distinguish between morphological anchoring and free-choice in distribution. By examining 1,832 Latvian noun lemma types, the results reveal a significant FSDR asymmetry within the loanword system: feminine loanwords rely significantly more on fixed derivational suffixes, while masculine loanwords are more concentrated in the free-choice zone. This pattern exhibits loanword specificity and has become more pronounced in contemporary usage. FSDR therefore provides a quantitative framework for testing default gender and shows how masculine default can be activated and reinforced under language contact.

发表机构

• Riga Technical University（里加工业大学）
• Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences Scientific Institute（维泽梅应用科学大学科学研究所）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。