用于加速轴子暗物质搜寻的高温超导腔的多特斯拉运行
Multi-tesla operation of high-temperature superconducting cavities for accelerated axion dark matter searches
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- Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院）
- INFN-Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理学院帕多瓦分部）
- Dark Matter Axion Group, Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院暗物质轴子小组）
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院物理系）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究开发了基于REBCO带材的高温超导腔，解决了轴子搜寻中铜腔Q值低、标准超导体涡旋损耗大的问题，实现了高Q值与扫描速率提升，可用于轴子暗物质搜寻。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
轴子 haloscope（轴子望远镜）使用置于磁场中的射频腔来搜寻暗物质轴子，轴子可解决基础物理学中的两个核心难题：量子色动力学中的强电荷宇称问题以及暗物质的本质。多特斯拉磁场会触发轴子向光子的转换，但会在标准超导体中引发严重的涡旋损耗，而铜腔则受限于反常趋肤效应（品质因数Q≲10^5）。本研究通过引入由应变控制、机械剥离的稀土钡铜氧化物（REBCO）带材制成的极间三维腔结构，克服了这些障碍。通过选择性去除有损金属衬底，同时将铜稳定层用作“导电背衬”，我们将纵向装配间隙转换为截止以下的波导，有效抑制了跨接缝的射频泄漏。采用双轨策略，我们首先用5.4 GHz谐振腔揭示了该材料的本征高场潜力，在8 T磁场中实现了1.4×10^7的无载品质因数（Q0），超过传统铜基准两个数量级。其次，为优先实现实用望远镜集成，我们设计了可调谐、体积最大化的2.3 GHz探路者腔。该系统部署在轴子与精密物理研究中心的Pilot轴子腔实验（CAPP-PACE）中，实现了180 mK的噪声温度和比铜高5倍的Q值，累计带来约8.4倍的扫描速率提升。
英文摘要
Axion haloscopes use radio-frequency cavities immersed in a magnetic field to search for dark-matter axions, which could resolve two central puzzles in fundamental physics: the strong charge-parity problem in quantum chromodynamics and the nature of dark matter. Multi-tesla fields trigger axion-to-photon conversion but induce severe vortex dissipation in standard superconductors, whereas copper cavities are limited by the anomalous skin effect ($Q \lesssim 10^5$). Here, we overcome these barriers by introducing a pole-to-pole 3-dimensional cavity architecture constructed from strain-controlled, mechanically delaminated rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes. By selectively stripping the lossy metallic substrate while utilizing the copper stabilizer as a "conductive backing" we convert the longitudinal assembly gaps into waveguides below cutoff, effectively suppressing cross-seam RF leakage. Employing a two-track strategy, we first unveiled the intrinsic high-field potential of the material with a 5.4 GHz resonant cavity, achieving an unloaded quality-factor ($Q_0$) of $1.4 \times 10^7$ in an 8 T magnetic field, exceeding conventional copper baselines by two orders of magnitude. Second, prioritizing practical haloscope integration, we engineered a tunable, volume-maximized 2.3 GHz pathfinder cavity. Deployed in the Pilot Axion Cavity Experiment at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP-PACE), this system achieved a 180 mK noise temperature and a 5-fold $Q$ enhancement over copper, cumulatively delivering a $\sim$8.4-fold scan-rate acceleration.
