一种用于识别重离子碰撞中不稳定轻核共振的实用分波方法
A Practical Partial-Wave Method for Identifying Unstable Light Nucleus Resonances in Heavy-Ion Collisions
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出基于Lednický–Lyuboshitz框架的分波方法，结合实验相移数据，从两粒子关联函数中提取不稳定轻核共振，在p-³He等系统中成功分离共振信号，可用于重离子碰撞实验研究。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
相对论重离子碰撞中轻核的产生为研究这些极端环境下形成的高温致密物质的动力学提供了宝贵见解。尽管稳定轻核已得到广泛研究，但寿命短暂的共振态——不稳定轻核，在很大程度上仍未被探索，却为探测末态相互作用和冻结条件提供了独特机会。本文提出一种基于Lednický–Lyuboshitz框架的分波方法，用于从重离子碰撞中测量的两粒子关联函数中提取不稳定轻核的共振信号。通过将LL模型扩展到更高阶分波并直接纳入低能核散射的实验相移数据，该方法避免了依赖模型的势参数化需求，可实现共振分波与非共振背景的清晰分解。作为演示，我们将该方法应用于对应⁴Li和⁵Li基态共振的p-³He与p-⁴He系统。数值结果表明，可有效分离共振诱导的关联过剩，⁴Li对应的关联函数峰值出现在k≈72 MeV/c处，⁵Li对应的峰值出现在k≈50 MeV/c处，与已知共振参数一致。利用STAR合作组在√s_NN=3 GeV能量下测量的质子和轻核能谱，呈现了提取的横动量谱和快度分布。该方法为相对论重离子碰撞中不稳定轻核的实验研究提供了实用工具，且可扩展应用于更广泛的共振态。
英文摘要
The production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the hot and dense matter created in these extreme environments. While stable light nuclei have been extensively studied, unstable light nuclei being short-lived resonance states remain largely unexplored and offer unique opportunities to probe final-state interactions and the freeze-out conditions. In this paper, we propose a partial-wave method, based on the Lednický--Lyuboshitz framework, to extract resonance signals of unstable light nuclei from two-particle correlation functions measured in heavy-ion collisions. By extending the LL model to higher order partial waves and directly incorporating experimental phase-shift data from low-energy nuclear scattering, our approach avoids the need for model-dependent potential parametrizations and enables a clean decomposition of the resonant partial wave from the non-resonant background. As a demonstration, we apply the method to the $p$-$^3$He and $p$-$^4$He systems, corresponding to the $^4$Li and $^5$Li ground-state resonances. Numerical results show that the resonance-induced correlation excess can be effectively isolated, with a peak in the correlation function appearing at $k \approx 72$ MeV/$c$ for $^4$Li and $k \approx 50$ MeV/$c$ for $^5$Li, consistent with the known resonance parameters. The extracted transverse momentum spectra and rapidity distributions are presented using the measured proton and light-nuclei spectra from STAR at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 3$ GeV. The proposed method provides a practical tool for the experimental study of unstable light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and can be extended to a broader range of resonance states.
发表机构
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
- Central China Normal University（华中师范大学）
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