软件工程中采用人工智能的心理代价

中文摘要 AI 辅助

人工智能（AI）正越来越多地被用于增强软件工程（SE）工作流程。虽然代码生成仍是主要用例，但各组织正积极寻求将AI集成到其他实践中，如测试用例生成和代码审查。组织的AI采用策略似乎侧重于生产力等有形成果。然而，AI是一种颠覆性力量，被引入到生成式AI取得最新进展之前，角色身份、团队规范和工作满意度来源已确立的环境中。从历史上看，技术颠覆已在工作场所引发心理和社会压力，范围从焦虑和意义侵蚀到技能退化和职业身份破坏。认为用于SE的AI是无代价的假设可能不准确。因此，本研究旨在了解软件专业人员在组织AI采用过程中经历的心理代价。我们在一家大型软件开发服务公司开展了案例研究，该公司启动AI采用项目一年后，我们通过会议和半结构化访谈（N=21）收集了定性数据。我们发现软件专业人员经历问责焦虑、工艺身份破坏、意义与满意度侵蚀、认知及工作量加剧，以及不确定性困扰。从业者通过恢复控制的实践管理这些代价，通过保护性和身份保留的适应措施减轻代价，或通过承受无法解决的部分来吸收这些代价。我们通过将AI采用重新定位为人类过渡，而非仅技术和组织过渡，为SE中的AI-人类协作做出了贡献。

英文摘要

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to augment software engineering (SE) workflows. While code generation remains the main use case, organizations are actively seeking AI integration in other practices such as test cases generation and code reviews. Organizational AI adoption strategies seem to focus on tangible outcomes such as productivity. However, AI is a disruptive force, introduced into settings where role identity, team norms, and the sources of job satisfaction were well established before the recent advances in generative AI. Historically, technological disruptions have caused psychological and social strains in workplaces, ranging from anxiety and eroded meaning to deskilling and disrupted professional identities. The assumption that AI for SE is cost-free may not be accurate. Therefore, in this study we sought to understand the psychological costs software professionals experience during organizational AI adoption. We carried out a case study in a large software development services company, one year after the company launched its AI adoption. We collected qualitative data through meetings and semi-structured interviews (N = 21). We found that software professionals experience accountability anxiety, craft identity disruption, meaning and satisfaction erosion, cognitive and workload intensification, and uncertainty distress. Practitioners manage these costs through practices that restore control, mitigate them through protective and identity-preserving adaptations, or absorb them, carrying what neither can resolve. We contribute to AI-human collaboration in SE by repositioning AI adoption as a human transition, not only a technological and organizational one.

发表机构

• University of Southern Denmark（南丹麦大学）
• The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute（马士基麦克-金尼莫勒研究所）
• IT University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根信息技术大学）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。