发表机构
Université Paris-Saclay; Institut d’Optique Graduate School; CNRS; Laboratoire Charles Fabry; Univ Lyon; Ens de Lyon; Laboratoire de Physique; Sorbonne Université; Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée; LPTMC; Univ. Lille; PhLAM – Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules; Institut Universitaire de France（巴黎萨克雷大学; 光学研究生院; 法国国家科学研究中心; 夏尔·法布里实验室; 里昂大学; 里昂高等师范学院; 物理实验室; 索邦大学; 凝聚态物质理论物理实验室; 凝聚态物质理论物理实验室; 里尔大学; 激光原子分子物理实验室; 法兰西学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究在超冷晶格玻色气体中实验验证了连续相变的普适标度理论，确定了相关标度因子与临界指数，证明量子多体系统中多个可观测量同时遵循普适标度。
AI 中文摘要
连续相变附近系统的临界行为通常由幂律和一组普适临界指数表征，而相变的普适性还有更根本的表现：它要求所有可观测量遵循普适标度函数，且这种标度函数可超出简单幂律的范围。此外，微观细节仅由两个与系统相关的标度因子完全描述，这两个因子可将任意测量量重标度为其普适形式。本研究在经历超流体相变的超冷晶格玻色气体中，对该预测进行了实验验证：通过对不同熵下测量的序参量累积量进行标度塌缩提取标度因子，证明这些因子可指定支配序参量分布与两点关联的标度函数；通过测量这些标度函数，还确定了三个临界指数β、γ和ν。研究结果在量子多体系统中，实验证明了多个可观测量同时满足普适标度。
英文摘要
The critical behavior of a system near a continuous phase transition is commonly characterized by power laws and a set of universal critical exponents. Yet universality at phase transitions has even more fundamental manifestations. It dictates that all observables follow universal scaling functions, which may extend beyond simple power laws. Furthermore, microscopic details are captured entirely by only two system-specific scale factors, that rescale any measured quantity onto its universal form. In this work, we report the experimental validation of this prediction in ultracold lattice Bose gases undergoing the superfluid transition. We extract the scale factors by collapsing the order-parameter cumulants measured at varying entropies. We show that these factors specify scaling functions governing both the order-parameter distribution and two-point correlations. By measuring these scaling functions, we also determine three critical exponents $β$, $γ$ and $ν$. Our results provide an experimental demonstration that universal scaling is simultaneously obeyed by multiple observables in a quantum many-body system.
Comments13 pages, 10 figures
