测量问题的一种与诠释无关的表述

中文摘要 AI 辅助

在本文中，我们并非试图解决测量问题，而是要对其进行恰当的表述。测量问题至今仍缺乏精确、公认定义的原因之一在于，该问题会根据所采用的量子力学诠释呈现出截然不同的面貌。受贝尔定理这类与理论无关的结果的方法论启发，我们提议以一种与诠释无关的方式确定这一谜题的共同根源，即仅基于经验统计的一种属性，而非先推导其哲学后果。关键观察在于，量子物质无法用科尔莫戈罗夫概率理论描述。若认为概率论的科尔莫戈罗夫公理是认知不确定性的公设，这便促使我们将测量问题重新表述为：无法为量子物质构建一种独立于认知论的本体论。换言之，不存在关于量子系统的上帝视角。尽管以这种方式定义的测量问题因属于宇宙统计的特征而无法被解决，但这种表述也可能带来附带益处。具体而言，我们认为它能：（i）为各类诠释提供新视角；（ii）提出量子力学与广义相对论为何如此不相容的根本原因，且不依赖纯粹数学或技术论证；（iii）指导量子引力的探索。

英文摘要

In this paper, we do not try to solve the measurement problem, but rather to properly formulate it. One of the reasons why it still lacks a precise, agreed definition is that the problem may take very different aspects depending on the interpretation of quantum mechanics embraced. Inspired by the methodology of theory-independent results like Bell's theorem, we propose to identify the common root of the puzzle in an interpretation-independent way i.e. as a property of the empirical statistics only, before deriving its philosophical consequences. The key observation is that quantum matter can not be described by a Kolmogorovian probabilistic theory. Arguing that the Kolmogorov axioms of probability theory are the postulates of epistemic uncertainty leads us to reformulate the measurement problem as the impossibility to build an ontology independent of epistemology for quantum matter. Said differently, there exists no God's-eye view on quantum systems. Although it is meaningless to solve the measurement problem as defined in this way, insofar as it is a feature of the universe's statistics, such a formulation may on the other hand bring side benefits. In particular, we argue that it allows to: (i) shed a new light on the variety of interpretations; (ii) propose a fundamental reason why quantum mechanics and general relativity are so incompatible, not relying on purely mathematical or technical arguments; (iii) guide the quest for quantum gravity.

发表机构

• University of Vienna（维也纳大学）
• Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院量子光学与量子信息研究所）

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