发表机构
Pakistan Academy of Sciences; University of Salento; INFN, Sezione di Lecce; INAF, Sezione di Lecce（巴基斯坦科学院; 莱切大学; 意大利国家核物理研究所莱切分部; 意大利国家天体物理研究所莱切分部）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究探究维里云从第一代恒星形成到爆炸的演化第二阶段，构建含多物理过程的模型，数值求解发现其温度、尺寸及成分的变化规律，为早期宇宙结构演化研究提供补充。
AI 中文摘要
近宇宙微波背景（CMB）温度的冷气体和尘埃云的存在，被认为是星系晕中大量缺失重子的潜在储存库。虽然维里云从最后散射面（LSS，$z=1100$）到第三星族（Pop III）恒星形成（$z=48$）的演化已在[N. Tahir、A. Qadir、M. Sakhi和F. De Paolis，《欧洲物理学报C》第81卷，827页（2021）]（论文I）中研究过，但第一代恒星时期的后续演化仍未被探索。本研究中，我们调查维里云的第二个演化阶段，涵盖红移范围$48 \rsim z \rsim 10$。我们开发了一个综合模型，包含云的耦合热、化学和动力学演化，包括CMB加热、引力收缩导致的绝热压缩、H$_2$和金属线冷却，以及Pop III超新星的反馈。通过数值求解耦合常微分方程（ODE），我们发现云从137 K单调冷却至41.5 K，从120 pc收缩至89.8 pc，且金属和分子氢含量增加，同时整个演化过程中冷却率主导加热率。
英文摘要
The existence of cold gas and dust clouds close to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature was proposed as a potential repository for a significant fraction of the missing baryons in galactic halos. While the evolution of the virial clouds from the last scattering surface (LSS) ($z=1100$) up to the formation of Population III (Pop III) stars ($z=48$) was studied in [N. Tahir, A. Qadir, M. Sakhi, \& F. De Paolis, The Euro. Phys. Jour. C 81, 827 (2021)] (Paper I), the subsequent evolution during the epoch of the first stars remained unexplored. In the present work, we investigate the second evolutionary phase of the virial clouds, covering the redshift range $48 \gtrsim z \gtrsim 10$. We develop a comprehensive model incorporating the coupled thermal, chemical, and dynamical evolution of the cloud, including CMB heating, adiabatic compression due to gravitational contraction, H$_2$ and metal-line cooling, and feedback from Pop III supernovae. Solving the coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) numerically, we find that the cloud cools monotonically from $137$~K to $41.5$~K, contracts from $120$~pc to $89.8$~pc, and becomes enriched in metals and molecular hydrogen, while the cooling rate dominates the heating rate throughout the evolution.
Comments14 pages, 8 figures
