高红移下富含气体的湍流盘:早期大质量恒星棒的起源
Turbulent gas-rich discs at high redshift: the origin of early massive stellar bars
- The University of Sydney(悉尼大学)
- Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)
- Lund University(隆德大学)
- University of Tokyo(东京大学)
- Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。
AI总结:
研究结合ALMA与JWST观测,通过NEXUS模拟揭示高红移早期大质量恒星棒的起源:高盘质量占比、棒形成时以气体为主可快速形成该类棒,气体占比决定棒的结构演化。
AI中文摘要:
近期结合阿塔卡马大型毫米波/亚毫米波阵列(ALMA)与詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜(JWST)的观测,在宇宙仅1.2-16亿年的z=4-5处,发现了尺度达3-7千秒差距(kpc)、质量为3-10×10¹⁰太阳质量(M⊙)的大质量恒星棒。在这一早期阶段,宿主星系在观测到的盘范围(8-15千秒差距)内为重子主导,通常包含75%的气体和25%的恒星。我们利用NEXUS N体/流体动力学模拟表明,只要盘质量占比足够高(f_disc≳70%)且棒形成时以气体为主,这类棒就能快速形成(400-800百万年,Myr),这与观测结果一致。在该极限下,无气体的棒对垂直弯曲模式不稳定,但主导气体成分会抑制这种不稳定性。与本地宇宙的大质量棒不同,这些早期棒是剧烈恒星形成的场所,我们对此进行了论证。值得注意的是,对于气体占比f_gas≲60%的富气体模型,棒会发展出X形盒状核球;当气体占比更高(f_gas>60%)时,扩散会抑制共振轨道捕获,形成的棒会在10亿年(Gyr)内坍缩形成经典核球。棒的形成时间、长度、质量以及m=2傅里叶振幅均与气体占比f_gas呈负相关。我们提出了一个简单的解析模型,用于解释随机扰动如何改变棒的起始时间,该时间定义为增长的棒振幅达到指定阈值的时刻。
英文摘要:
Recent observations combining the power of ALMA and JWST have revealed large ($3-7$ kpc), massive ($3-10\times10^{10}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$) stellar bars at $z=4-5$ when the Universe was only 1.2-1.6 Gyr old. At this early epoch, the host galaxy was baryon-dominated (typically 75\% gas, 25\% stars) within the observed extent of the disc ($8-15$ kpc). Using NEXUS $N$-body/hydrodynamic simulations, we show that such bars can form promptly (400$-$800 Myr), provided the disc mass fraction is high ($f_{\rm disc}\gtrsim 70\%$) and the bar is gas-dominated at the time of its formation, consistent with the observations. In this limit, gas-free bars are unstable to vertical bending modes, but a dominant gas component suppresses this instability. Unlike massive bars in the local Universe, these early bars were sites of vigorous star formation, as we show. Remarkably, for gas-rich models with $f_{\rm gas}\lesssim60\%$, the bars develop X-shaped boxy bulges; at higher gas fractions ($f_{\rm gas}> 60\%$), diffusion suppresses resonant orbit trapping and the emerging bar collapses within 1 Gyr to form a classical bulge. The bar formation time, length, mass, and $m=2$ Fourier amplitude are all inversely related to $f_{\rm gas}$. We present a simple analytic model for how stochastic forcing shifts the bar onset time, defined as the time at which the growing bar amplitude reaches a specified threshold.