MedQA-MM:医学视觉推理背后的捷径
MedQA-MM: Shortcuts Behind Medical Visual Reasoning
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对医学多模态MCQ的推理膨胀问题,构建捷径缓解子集MedQA-MM,通过多维度审计与消融实验揭示模型依赖文本等捷径,证明医学图像推理需路径层面证据。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
基准分数仅奖励最终答案,而非解答问题的路径。在医学多模态多项选择题(MCQ)中,这种区分至关重要,因为正确答案可能由预期的图像发现提供支持,也可能由答案措辞中保留的基准线索、非视觉临床文本、可见图像文本、人工注释或设备/上下文人工制品提供支持。我们将由此产生的分数层面的过度解释称为“推理膨胀”。此处的“路径”是指可支持答案选择的可观察输入路径,而非关于模型隐藏认知的断言。在六个医学多模态MCQ数据集上,我们通过提示侧和图像侧审计、模态消融以及保留医学目标和答案键的匹配修复,将候选线索与行为证据分离。在13种配置的开放模型面板中,全输入准确率为62.63%,仅文本和仅选项设置的准确率分别为53.96%和29.71%。去除长度差距、绝对/显眼以及空间/介词线索后,准确率分别下降6.58、3.50和4.77个百分点。我们还构建了MedQA-MM,这是一个包含1000个项目的捷径缓解子集,其中仅文本和仅选项的准确率降至5.21%和12.33%。这并不意味着模型从不使用图像,而是表明医学图像推理主张需要路径层面的证据。
英文摘要
A benchmark score credits final answers, but not the route by which an item can be answered. In medical multimodal multiple-choice questions (MCQs), this distinction matters because a correct answer can be supported by the intended image finding or by benchmark-preserved cues in the wording of answers, non-visual clinical text, visible image text, artificial annotations, or device/context artifacts. We call the resulting score-level overinterpretation reasoning inflation. Here, a route is an observable input path that can support answer selection, not a claim about the model's hidden cognition. Across six medical multimodal MCQ datasets, we separate candidate cues from behavioral evidence through prompt- and image-side audits, modality ablations, and matched repairs that preserve the medical target and answer key. In a 13-configuration open-model panel, full-input accuracy is 62.63%, while text-only and options-only settings achieve 53.96% and 29.71%, respectively. Removing length-gap, absolute/conspicuous, and spatial/prepositional cues lowers accuracy by 6.58, 3.50, and 4.77 percentage points. We also construct MedQA-MM, a 1,000-item shortcut-mitigated subset, where text-only and options-only accuracy fall to 5.21% and 12.33%. This does not imply that models never use images; it shows that medical image-reasoning claims require route-level evidence.
发表机构
- University of Massachusetts Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校)
- Yale University(耶鲁大学)
- University of Massachusetts Lowell(马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校)
- VA Bedford Healthcare System(贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心贝德福德分部)
- Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University(青岛大学青岛医学院)
- Yale School of Medicine(耶鲁医学院)
- National University Hospital, Singapore(新加坡国立大学医院)
- Zhejiang University(浙江大学)
- Stanford University(斯坦福大学)
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