发表机构
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology; The University of Tokyo; The University of Sydney; University of Central Florida; Imperial College London; The University of Melbourne（冲绳科学技术大学院大学; 东京大学; 悉尼大学; 中佛罗里达大学; 伦敦帝国理工学院; 墨尔本大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究结合实验与数值模拟，探究高斯水波包演化，明确其匹配稳态NLSE孤子解时稳定传播，调幅时会色散展宽或非线性聚焦，相关发现可助力多种非线性色散系统中局域波包的可控生成与操控。
AI 中文摘要
窄带波包的传播是一个在非线性波物理中具有广泛相关性的经典问题。在非线性薛定谔方程（NLSE）的框架内，孤子以不改变形状的方式传播，而高斯包络则会根据色散与非线性之间的平衡发生显著的重塑。本文结合实验室实验与数值模拟，系统研究了流体力学高斯波包在宽幅值和频谱带宽范围内的演化。研究表明，当包络振幅和宽度与稳态NLSE孤子解匹配时，该波包在水槽中稳定传播；更一般地，通过改变高斯包络的振幅，波包可发生色散展宽或非线性聚焦，类似Satsuma-Yajima呼吸子的动力学。这些发现有望促进在光学、等离子体、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体等多种非线性色散系统中对局域波包的可控生成与操控。
英文摘要
The propagation of narrowband wave packets is a classical problem with broad relevance across nonlinear wave physics. Within the framework of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, solitons are known to propagate without changing shape, whereas Gaussian envelopes may undergo substantial reshaping depending on the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity. Here, we combine laboratory experiments with numerical simulations to systematically investigate the evolution of hydrodynamic Gaussian wave packets over a wide range of amplitudes and spectral bandwidths. We show that when the envelope amplitude and width match those of the stationary NLSE soliton solution, the wave packet propagates steadily in the wave flume. More generally, by varying the amplitude of the Gaussian envelope, the wave packet may undergo either dispersive broadening or nonlinear focusing, resembling the dynamics of Satsuma-Yajima breathers. These findings may facilitate the controlled generation and manipulation of localized wave packets in a variety of nonlinear dispersive systems, including optics, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
