发表机构
McMaster University; University of Chicago; University College Cork; University of Waterloo; University of Newcastle（麦克马斯特大学; 芝加哥大学; 科克大学学院; 滑铁卢大学; 纽卡斯尔大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过Gemini-North/MAROON-X光谱仪测量三颗热木星宿主M型矮星的Rossiter-McLaughlin效应，结合档案数据分析伴星，发现短周期GEMS倾向于排列，为研究其迁移通道提供了新依据。
AI 中文摘要
有证据表明，Kozai-Lidov高偏心率迁移（HEM）是围绕M型矮星的短周期巨行星（GEMS）的主要迁移通道。然而，考虑到大多数系统缺乏已知的能驱动HEM的大质量伴星，并非所有短周期GEMS都通过HEM形成。通过Rossiter-McLaughlin（RM）效应表征GEMS的恒星倾角有助于阐明GEMS的动力学历史。我们使用Gemini-North/MAROON-X光谱仪对GEMS TOI-5205 b、TIC 46432937 b和TOI-3714 b进行了RM效应探测，使具有RM探测的GEMS总数达到5个。我们的系统排列良好，天空投影倾角分别为λ=0±6°、3°（+4°/-3°）和15°（+12°/-8°），并测量得到TOI-3714的去投影倾角ψ=24°（+7°/-8°）。我们分析档案径向速度、天体测量和散斑成像数据，以搜索所有5个已知具有RM探测的GEMS周围的额外伴星。我们在Gaia DR2+DR3数据中发现了其中一个GEMS TOI-5293 A存在新的大质量伴星的初步证据，不过需要进一步后续观测确认。我们排除了其余系统中~1-10天文单位之间的大质量伴星，但无法排除所有能驱动HEM的伴星。我们的发现提供了进一步证据，表明短周期GEMS倾向于排列。虽然当前结果与原始排列以及HEM加潮汐阻尼均一致，但我们为未来研究提供了方向，以进一步约束GEMS的主导迁移通道。
英文摘要
Evidence suggests that Kozai-Lidov high-eccentricity migration (HEM) is the dominant migration channel for short-period Giant Exoplanets around M dwarf Stars (GEMS). However, it is unlikely that all short-period GEMS form via HEM, given that most systems lack known massive companions capable of driving HEM. Characterizing the stellar obliquities of GEMS via the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect can help shed light on the dynamical histories of GEMS. We present RM effect detections for the GEMS TOI-5205 b, TIC 46432937 b, and TOI-3714 b using the Gemini-North/MAROON-X spectrograph, bringing the total number of GEMS with RM detections to five. Our systems are well-aligned, with sky-projected obliquities of $λ= 0 \pm 6^\circ$, $3_{-3}^{+4}$$^\circ$, and $15_{-8}^{+12}$$^\circ$, respectively, and we measure a deprojected obliquity of $ψ= 24_{-8}^{+7}$ $^\circ$ for TOI-3714. We analyze archival radial velocities, astrometry, and speckle imaging data to search for additional companions around all five known GEMS with RM detections. We find tentative evidence for a new massive companion around one of these GEMS, TOI-5293 A, in Gaia DR2+DR3 data, though further follow-up is needed for confirmation. We rule out massive companions between $\sim 1-10\textrm{ AU}$ in the remaining systems, but cannot rule out all companions capable of driving HEM. Our findings present further evidence that short-period GEMS are preferentially aligned. While current results remain consistent with both primordial alignment and HEM plus tidal damping, we offer future directions for studies to further constrain the dominant migration channel for GEMS.
Comments18 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to PASP
