电池的开路电压并非纯粹的化学属性

中文摘要 AI 辅助

开路电压（OCV）曲线通常被视为电极材料的本征化学属性，但该观点并不完整。在离子插入电池中，OCV还取决于力学状态和微观结构。通过有限元模拟和渐近分析，研究表明颗粒膨胀与外载荷会促进颗粒间接触，产生压应力，进而改变插入离子的化学势。OCV修正是非线性的，遵循赫兹接触标度律，且取决于颗粒排列。因此，相同材料在不同电极微观结构下可呈现不同的OCV曲线；此外，全电池中电极通过共同堆叠应力实现力学耦合，故电池OCV是整个电池架构的力化学属性，而非仅化学属性。

英文摘要

Open-circuit-voltage (OCV) curves are commonly treated as intrinsic chemical properties of electrode materials. However, this view is incomplete. In ion-insertion batteries, OCV also depends on mechanical state and microstructure. Using finite-element simulations and asymptotic analysis, we show that particle swelling and external loads promote particle--particle contact that generates compressive stresses, shifting the inserted-ion chemical potential. The OCV correction is nonlinear, follows Hertzian contact scaling, and depends on particle arrangement. Identical materials can therefore exhibit different OCV curves in different electrode microstructures. Furthermore, in full cells, electrodes are mechanically coupled through the common stack stress. Thus, cell OCV is a chemo-mechanical property of the entire battery architecture, not chemistry alone.

发表机构

• University of Oxford（牛津大学）
• Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS)（魏尔斯特拉斯应用分析与随机性研究所）
• University of Brescia（布雷西亚大学）

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