AI 中文总结
本文针对麦克斯韦分子涡旋模型的“脚手架”隐喻提出质疑，考察1865年模型被移除的实际内容，提出以“模板”替代该隐喻，并结合相关学者研究给出区分标准。
AI 中文摘要
本文讨论了源自惠特克的隐喻：麦克斯韦的分子涡旋模型是搭建电磁学方程的脚手架，该方程建成后脚手架可被移除且不影响建筑本身。本文认为该隐喻对实际发生的情况描述不当，并证明如今支持该隐喻的人在其文本中引用的内容反而会驳斥它。本文考察了1865年实际被移除的内容、模型中哪些材料仍以其他名称在方程中发挥作用，还提出了源自钣金放样工作的模板概念作为替代。该讨论结合了丹尼尔·M·西格尔和卡梅伦·拉扎罗夫-帕克的研究，二人从科学史角度主张模型具有构成性特征。本文最后给出了区分两种情况的标准。
英文摘要
This paper discusses the metaphor, originating with Whittaker, according to which Maxwell's model of molecular vortices was the scaffolding by means of which the equations of electromagnetism were erected, removed afterwards without consequence for the building. It is argued here that the metaphor describes badly what happened, and it is shown that whoever upholds it today transcribes, within that same text, the quotations that belie it. The paper examines what was actually removed in 1865, which materials of the model still operate inside the equations under other names, and proposes in its place the figure of the template, taken from sheet-metal layout work. The discussion is situated with respect to the work of Daniel M. Siegel and Cameron Lazaroff-Puck, who maintain from the history of science the constitutive character of the model. It closes with a criterion for telling one case from the other.
Comments6 pages. Also available at OSF, DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/6X2FY
