发表机构
CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology; Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento（意大利国家研究委员会纳米技术研究所; 皮塔耶夫斯基玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中心、意大利国家研究委员会光学研究所及特伦托大学物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究以光量子流体类比强吸引二维BEC，发现单个拓扑缺陷可延迟BEC坍缩时间一个数量级，揭示了吸引非线性与拓扑电荷保持的竞争，为稳定量子流体提供了新途径。
AI 中文摘要
平衡态量子流体的尺寸与形状受粒子间相互作用强烈影响。在吸引相互作用区域，原子量子流体最终会发生坍缩，该剧烈过程会将大部分粒子从宏观占据态中排出。本研究采用传播几何中的光量子流体作为具有强吸引相互作用的二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）的类比系统，表明非平凡拓扑会显著改变坍缩的动力学行为，增强BEC的稳定性并将坍缩时间延迟一个数量级。我们测量了拓扑影响量子流体动力学的直接实验信号，揭示了导致坍缩的吸引非线性与多电荷涡旋拓扑电荷保持之间的固有竞争。我们在坐标空间中完整表征了坍缩过程及系统最终的“孤子化”现象，并将其与激发谱的模式结构相联系。
英文摘要
The size and shape of a quantum fluid in equilibrium is strongly influenced by the inter-particle interactions. In the attractive interaction regime, atomic quantum fluids ultimately collapse in a violent process that expels most of the particles from the macroscopically occupied state. Here, we use a quantum fluid of light in propagating geometry as an analogue to a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with large attractive interactions to show that non-trivial topology significantly alters the dynamical behaviour of the collapse, enhancing the BEC stability and delaying the collapse time by an order of magnitude. We measure direct experimental signatures of topology affecting quantum hydrodynamics, unveiling the inherent competition between attractive nonlinearities, that lead to the collapse, and the preservation of topological charge from a multi-charged vortex. We fully characterise the collapse process in coordinate space and the eventual `solitonification' of the system and connect it to the mode structure of the excitation spectrum.
