发表机构
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Maynooth University（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学; 梅努斯大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对6G无线通信中无光缆区域的大规模连续互联网服务需求，研究三种基于高空平台站（HAPS）的方案，利用渗流理论分析其连通性，得出相变临界条件曲线可降低方案前期成本的结论。
AI 中文摘要
在第六代（6G）无线通信时代，环境监测、智慧农业、远程教育、安全防护及智能交通系统等众多应用有望落地。这些场景需要在森林、河流、海洋、公路等难以部署光缆的区域提供大规模、连续的互联网服务，高空平台站（HAPS）成为极具潜力的解决方案，可提供低延迟、高容量服务，助力在无光纤区域构建垂直异构网络（vHetNet）。本文研究三种基于HAPS的方案，HAPS可直接为无线设备服务或通过网关（GW）网络服务，分别是HAPS到设备（H2D）方案、HAPS到网关再到设备（H2G2D）方案及混合方案。利用渗流理论，研究大规模连续互联网覆盖的可行性，关键性能指标（KPI）为渗流概率。讨论不同覆盖方案下的亚临界与超临界情况，证明当HAPS密度或GW密度增加时，会出现从零渗流概率到非零渗流概率的相变。数值结果验证，相变临界条件的曲线介于推导的下界与上界之间，可帮助降低基于HAPS的vHetNet解决方案的前期成本。
英文摘要
In the era of sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication, numerous applications are expected to be realized, including environmental monitoring, smart agriculture, remote education, security protection, and intelligent transportation systems. These scenarios require large-scale, continuous Internet services in forests, rivers, oceans, and road networks, to name a few, where optical cables are difficult to deploy. High-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) emerge as a promising solution, offering low-latency, high-capacity services while facilitating the establishment of vertical heterogeneous networks (vHetNets) in fiber-less areas. This article investigates three HAPS-based solutions, where HAPSs can serve wireless devices directly or via gateway (GW) networks: the HAPS-to-device (H2D) scheme, the HAPS-to-GW-to-device (H2G2D) scheme, and the hybrid scheme. Leveraging percolation theory, we study the feasibility of large-scale continuous Internet coverage, where the key performance indicator (KPI) is the percolation probability. We discuss the subcritical and supercritical cases in different coverage schemes, and prove that the phase transition from zero to nonzero percolation probability appears when increasing the HAPS density or GW density. Numerical results verify that the curve of the critical condition of the phase transition exists between the derived lower bound and upper bound, which can help reduce the upfront cost of HAPS-based vHetNet solutions.
Comments16 Pages, 17 figures. Published in IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Journal refIEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 12, no. 18, pp. 37355-37370, 2025
