发表机构
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University（开放大学物理科学学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文开发了FCI的改进版NMQ，通过融入多形式后续问题及对应新颖分析，深入探查学生对牛顿定律的概念理解，解决FCI响应选项有限等问题。
AI 中文摘要
即使在现代物理学时代，理解和应用牛顿经典运动定律仍是物理学家的核心技能，也是教学大纲的核心组成部分。学生在进入课堂时，往往带有与牛顿思维不符的力与运动直觉观念。已有研究表明，这些错误的直觉观念具有极强的持续性，会伴随学生整个学业阶段甚至更久。为追踪学生的学习进展、评估教学大纲的有效性，需要可靠的工具来准确评价学生对牛顿力学的理解。力概念调查表（Force Concept Inventory, FCI）是一种成熟的概念测验工具，由多项选择题构成，旨在应对上述挑战。FCI及其学生对其题目的响应已在文献中被广泛研究和讨论。值得注意的是，研究表明：对题目的正确响应并不总是对应对牛顿概念的正确应用；多项选择题提供的有限响应选项往往无法涵盖学生的全部思维。因此，亟需开发新的工具，通过从多个角度探究概念理解、融入不同答题形式（要求学生构建并思考自身响应），来更深入地探查学生的理解。本文介绍牛顿力学测验（Newtonian Mechanics Quiz, NMQ），它是FCI的改进版本，融入了多种形式的后续问题，每种问题具有不同的诊断功能。本文描述了NMQ工具的开发与验证，并举例说明了由学生响应数据集支持的几项新颖分析，这些分析能为学生对牛顿定律的概念理解提供深入见解。
英文摘要
Even in the era of modern physics, understanding and applying Newton's classical Laws of Motion are key skills for physicists and form a core component of instructional programmes. Students arrive in the classroom with intuitive ideas about force and motion that are often misaligned with Newtonian thinking. Prior research has shown that these incorrect intuitive ideas are remarkably persistent, and can stay with students throughout their education and beyond. Reliable instruments, that can accurately evaluate student understanding of Newtonian mechanics, are required to track student progress and evaluate the efficacy of instructional programmes. The Force Concept Inventory (FCI), a conceptual quiz composed of multiple-choice questions, is a well-established instrument, developed to address these challenges. The FCI, and how students respond to its questions, has been widely investigated and discussed in the literature. Notably, research has shown that: correct responses to questions do not always correspond to correct application of Newtonian concepts; and the limited response options given for multiple-choice questions often do not capture the full range of student thinking. There is therefore a burgeoning need to develop new instruments that probe students' understanding at a deeper level, by interrogating conceptual understanding from multiple perspectives and incorporating different question formats that require students to construct and consider their responses. We introduce the Newtonian Mechanics Quiz (NMQ), a modified version of the FCI that incorporates follow-up questions in a variety of formats, each with different diagnostic functions. This article describes the development and validation of the NMQ instrument, and illustrates several novel analyses enabled by the student response dataset that can offer deep insight into students' conceptual understanding of Newton's Laws.
Comments19 pages, 9 figures, article
