与三维谐振子强耦合的Yb:YSO自旋实现相干微波-光转换
Coherent microwave-to-optical transduction with Yb:YSO spins strongly coupled to a 3D resonator
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究利用与三维谐振器强耦合的Yb:YSO自旋实现微波-光转换，采用三维环隙微波谐振器和单程光学配置，当前效率达2×10⁻⁸，预测掺50 ppm Yb:YSO可提升至10⁻⁴。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
微波-光量子转换器对于实现远程超导量子比特的纠缠至关重要。在现有转换平台中，掺杂于固体中的Er³⁺和Yb³⁺离子系综已成为主要候选方案。尽管需要外加磁场来分裂铒离子的塞曼能级以实现微波-量子比特接口，但超导量子比特在此类磁场中会发生退相干。相比之下，镱离子（掺杂于无机晶体中时）在零磁场下呈现零阶塞曼跃迁和大的超精细分裂。Yb:YSO因具有长的光学和自旋相干时间而被广泛用作量子存储器，但其在量子转换方面的潜力仍未得到充分探索，对该材料的研究有望实现量子存储器与转换在单一平台上的集成。本研究中，我们采用掺量为5 ppm的Yb:YSO晶体，在连续波 regime下演示了微波-光转换。通过三维环隙微波谐振器（LGR）和单程光学配置，实现了2×10⁻⁸的内部转换效率和200 kHz的带宽。我们探究了形成V型三能级系统的所有基态，该系统包含第一和第二光学激发态，并确定使用基态可提供最高效率和孤立的光学跃迁。我们进一步通过避免交叉测量证实了强自旋-微波耦合的存在。在采用强微波驱动使自旋跃迁饱和的情况下，我们估算出泵浦至激发态的自旋布居数接近模拟值。最后，我们计算了本系统达到最大效率的目标参数，并建议使用掺量为50 ppm的Yb:YSO晶体，基于这些目标参数，在当前LGR中内部转换效率预计可达到10⁻⁴。
英文摘要
Microwave-to-optical quantum transducers are essential for entangling remote superconducting qubits. Among the available transduction platforms, ensembles of Er$^{3+}$ and Yb$^{3+}$ ions doped into solids have emerged as leading candidates. While external magnetic fields are needed to split the Zeeman levels of erbium ions and enable a microwave--qubit interface, superconducting qubits suffer decoherence in such fields. In contrast, ytterbium ions exhibit zero-first-order Zeeman transitions and large hyperfine splittings at zero magnetic field (when doped into inorganic crystals). Owing to its long optical and spin coherence times, Yb:YSO has been widely used as a quantum memory, yet its potential for quantum transduction remains largely unexplored. Investigating this material could enable the integration of quantum memory and transduction in a single platform. Here, we demonstrate microwave-to-optical transduction in the continuous-wave regime using a 5\,ppm doped Yb:YSO crystal. The internal transduction efficiency is $2\times10^{-8}$ with a bandwidth of 200\,kHz, achieved using a 3D loop-gap microwave resonator (LGR) and a single-pass optical configuration. We explore all the ground states that form a V-type three-level system with the first and second optical excited states and assert the use of the ground state, which provides the highest efficiency and isolated optical transition. We further establish strong spin-microwave coupling from avoided crossing measurements. With a strong microwave drive to saturate the spin transition, we estimate the spin population pumped into the excited state, close to the simulated value. Finally, we calculate target parameter values for maximum efficiency with our system and suggest using 50\,ppm doped Yb:YSO crystal. With the calculated target parameters, the internal transduction efficiency is predicted to reach up to $10^{-4}$ in the current LGR.
发表机构
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary（卡尔加里大学量子科学与技术研究所）
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary（卡尔加里大学物理与天文系）
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