AI 中文总结
本文提出一种结合木星、土星双引力辅助与深空低推力的哈雷彗星交会轨道策略，利用成熟技术实现低发射成本与高效设计，规划了2061年哈雷彗星探测的可行交会方案。
AI 中文摘要
1P/哈雷彗星在2061年的近日点是重新探测这一具有重要科学和文化意义天体的绝佳机会。在1986年哈雷彗星接近太阳期间，多个飞掠任务曾对其进行探测。由于其逆行、高倾角的轨道，交会时的相对速度很大，因在彗发内停留时间短而限制了科学回报。交会轨道可克服这一局限，但受当前推进技术限制，轨道设计颇具挑战性。考虑到航天器研制的准备周期及前往该彗星的行星际转移时间漫长，尽快启动任务规划至关重要。本文提出一种新颖的交会策略，结合无动力的木星和土星引力辅助与深空低推力弧段，可最小化发射能量和推进剂预算，并将到达时间约束在彗星高活动期之前。该双飞掠策略降低了原本难以承受的平面变轨机动成本。最优飞掠几何的闭式表达式与明确的低推力转录技术将设计参数数量减少至3个，提升了计算效率。至关重要的是，这是首个可通过成熟技术（标准放射性同位素热电发生器与霍尔效应推力器）实现且兼容多款现有运载火箭的交会任务概念。本文描述了轨道优化策略并对设计空间进行了全面探索，最终详细呈现了两条有前景的概念验证轨道。
英文摘要
The perihelion of comet 1P/Halley in 2061 is an excellent chance to revisit this object of outstanding scientific and cultural relevance. During its 1986 approach to the Sun, it was targeted by several flyby missions. Due to its retrograde, highly-inclined orbit, the relative velocities during the encounter were large, limiting the scientific return due to the short time spent inside the coma. A rendezvous trajectory would overcome this limitation, but the design is challenging due to the limitations of current propulsion technology. Given the lead times of spacecraft development and the long duration of the interplanetary transfer to the comet, it is imperative to start mission planning as soon as possible. We present a novel rendezvous strategy, combining unpowered Jupiter and Saturn gravity-assists with deep-space low-thrust arcs. It minimizes launch energy and propellant budget, constraining the arrival to occur before the onset of high activity. The double flyby strategy reduces the otherwise prohibitive cost of the plane change maneuver. Closed expressions for the optimal flyby geometry, together with an explicit low-thrust transcription technique, reduce the number of design parameter to three, improving computational efficiency. Crucially, this is the first rendezvous mission concept achievable with well-proven technology (standard radioisotope thermoelectric generators and a Hall-effect thruster) and compatible with several existing launchers. We describe the trajectory optimization strategy and perform a comprehensive exploration of the design space. Finally, we present two promising proof-of-concept trajectories in detail.
