发表机构
Cardiff University; Stanford University; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; University of British Columbia; Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian; University of New Mexico; California Institute of Technology; University of Cincinnati; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; University of Chicago（卡迪夫大学; 斯坦福大学; SLAC国家加速器实验室; 不列颠哥伦比亚大学; 哈佛与史密森尼天体物理中心; 新墨西哥大学; 加州理工学院; 辛辛那提大学; 加州理工学院喷气推进实验室; 芝加哥大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究针对南极CMB观测，利用九年观测的水汽辐射计数据，分析南极大气水汽波动特征及与CMB信号的相关性，为相关测量的基线滤波和误差抑制提供了依据。
AI 中文摘要
南极是地球上最干燥的地点之一，由此产生的高大气透明度使其成为毫米波天文观测的极佳站点。不过，对于宇宙微波背景（CMB）的热辐射测量而言，视线方向上的水汽波动会驱动可变的大气发射，对测量灵敏度产生显著影响。我们部署了一台水汽辐射计（WVR），以表征这些波动的时空特征，并将大气信号与CMB信号和其他站点进行对比。该WVR已在过去九年中监测南极的状况，与BICEP系列望远镜同址并协同观测。本研究分析了WVR的性能和南极大气的特征，证实了水汽结构由风驱动在站点内的相干传输；还表明CMB探测器时间序列的波动与大气水汽波动高度相关，为用于消除这些波动的基线滤波程序提供了独立依据，并为检测和减轻温度-偏振泄漏提供了新途径，该泄漏目前限制了地面CMB偏振测量的精度。
英文摘要
The South Pole is among the driest sites on Earth, and the resulting high atmospheric transparency makes it an excellent site for millimeter-wave astronomical observations. Nevertheless, for bolometric surveys of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), fluctuations in line-of-sight water vapor drive variable atmospheric emission, which has a significant impact on survey sensitivity. We have deployed a water vapor radiometer (WVR) to characterize these fluctuations in space and time and to compare atmospheric and CMB signals with other sites. This WVR has been monitoring conditions from the South Pole over the past nine years, co-located and co-observing with the BICEP series of telescopes. In this work, we analyze the performance of the WVR and the characteristics of the South Pole atmosphere and demonstrate coherent wind-driven transport of water vapor structures across the site. We show that fluctuations in CMB detector timestreams are well correlated with fluctuations in atmospheric water vapor, providing independent justification for baseline filtering procedures used to remove these fluctuations and providing a new pathway to detect and mitigate the temperature-to-polarization leakage that currently limits the precision of ground-based CMB polarization measurements.
Comments14 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (ApJS)
