发表机构
Fuzhou University; Tianjin University（福州大学; 天津大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究通过李纳-维谢尔势结合三轴形变核密度模型，探究相对论性氙核碰撞中核三轴形变对电磁场的影响，发现初始电磁场编码核形状信息，为核形变约束提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
相对论重离子碰撞中产生的电磁场对核电荷的初始空间分布有敏感依赖。采用含三轴形变的Woods–Saxon密度的李纳-维谢尔势，我们计算了质心系能量 $\u221as_{NN}=5.44$ TeV下 $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}+^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ 碰撞中的横向电场和磁场分布。我们以球形核碰撞为基准，系统研究了三轴形变态角 $\u03b3$ 对半中心碰撞中碰撞时刻（$t=0$）场结构的修饰作用。结果表明，核三轴形变会导致横向平面内电场和磁场发生明显的空间重新分布。这些发现说明初始电磁场包含了内禀核形状的关键信息，为重离子碰撞中核形变的额外约束及其对场敏感可观测量的影响提供了依据。
英文摘要
Electromagnetic fields produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions depend sensitively on the initial spatial distribution of nuclear charge. Using the Liénard--Wiechert potential with a triaxially deformed Woods--Saxon density, we calculate the transverse electric and magnetic field distributions in $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}+{}^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.44\text{ TeV}$. We systematically examine how the triaxiality angle $γ$ modifies the field structure at the collision time ($t=0$) in semi-central events, using spherical nuclear collisions as a baseline. The results show that nuclear triaxiality causes distinct spatial redistributions of both electric and magnetic fields in the transverse plane. These findings indicate that initial electromagnetic fields encode key information on intrinsic nuclear shapes, offering an additional constraint on nuclear deformation and its consequences for field-sensitive observables in heavy-ion collisions.
