发表机构
Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究提出类活塞信息引擎II，其功与探测区域尺寸、空置概率的关系异于热系统，随粒子密度切换运行模式，源于活性粒子在边界的聚集。
AI 中文摘要
信息引擎通过测量与反馈将信息转化为可提取的功。我们实现了一种利用信息压缩自驱动刷毛机器人气体的引擎，其每次测量的功$\bar{W}$由探测区域尺寸$\Delta x$及该区域空置概率$p_1$控制。热系统中$\bar{W}$遵循通用形式$-p_1\ln p_1$，而该活性引擎呈现出质的修正关系。随粒子密度增加，$\bar{W}(\triangle x)$的最大值在两种不同运行模式间切换，且在受干摩擦影响的有限时间循环功率输出最大化的解中也存在此转变。我们将该非平衡特征归因于活性粒子在边界处的聚集。
英文摘要
Information engines convert information into extractable work through measurements and feedback. We realize an engine that employs information to compress a gas of self-propelled bristle bots. Its work per measurement, $\bar{W}$, is controlled by the size of the detection region $Δx$ and the probability $p_1$ that this region is vacant. In thermal systems, $\bar{W}$ follows the universal form $-p_1 \ln p_1$, whereas the active engine shows a qualitatively modified relation. As particle density increases, the maximum of $\bar{W}(Δx)$ switches between two distinct operating regimes. Notably, this transition is also found in the solutions that maximize power output for finite-time cycles with dynamics affected by dry friction. We attribute this nonequilibrium feature to the accumulation of active particles near the boundaries.
Comments11 pages and 8 figures
