AI 中文总结
HERON Coma项目利用优化低表面亮度观测的地基望远镜，对后发星系团开展深成像巡天，成功探测到巨椭圆星系延展结构，为研究后发星系团形成提供新数据并公开校准图像。
AI 中文摘要
数据处理的技术复杂性与残余仪器系统误差仍是探测本地宇宙中最暗弱低表面亮度（LSB）区域的主要障碍之一。在此，我们介绍HERON Coma项目，这是利用优化低表面亮度观测的71厘米Jeanne Rich望远镜开展的后发星系团深g波段和r波段成像巡天。观测与处理策略结合了精确平场校正、天空背景建模及扩展点扩散函数（PSF）表征。作为代表性科学应用，我们研究后发星系团西南区域的巨椭圆星系NGC 4839与NGC 4816相关的结构。直接成像中恢复了空间连贯的发射，其平均g+r波段表面亮度μ_{g+r}̄≈30 mag arcsec⁻²，与从背景波动标度推断的标称灵敏度一致。NGC 4839和NGC 4816经PSF去卷积后的测光轮廓被追踪至705和329 kpc的广义等周半径，对应平均g+r波段表面亮度分别为μ_{g+r}̄=32.2和31.6 mag arcsec⁻²，数据推导的信噪比分别为4.1和7.0。直接探测与背景波动预测的一致性表明，在所研究的表面亮度范围和空间尺度上，无明确证据显示存在由系统误差主导的探测下限。我们还评估了将可靠测量扩展至更暗弱表面亮度水平所涉及的观测挑战。HERON Coma项目为后发星系团复杂且持续的形成过程中的暗弱恒星记录打开了新窗口，同时证明了配备抑制仪器反射的中等口径地基望远镜，能够对延展弥散结构提供极具竞争力的测量结果。我们将最终校准后的图像公开提供给科学界。
英文摘要
The technical complexity of data processing and residual instrumental systematics remain among the main barriers to reaching the faintest low-surface-brightness (LSB) regimes in the local Universe. Here, we present the HERON Coma Project, a deep $g$- and $r$-band imaging campaign on the Coma cluster carried out with the LSB-optimized 71-cm Jeanne Rich Telescope. The observing and processing strategy combines accurate flat-fielding, sky-background modeling and extended point spread function (PSF) characterization. As representative scientific applications, we explore the complex associated with the giant elliptical galaxies NGC 4839 and NGC 4816, in the southwestern region of Coma. Spatially coherent emission is recovered in direct imaging to $μ_{\overline{g+r}}\simeq30~\mathrm{mag\,arcsec^{-2}}$, consistent with the nominal sensitivity inferred from the scaling of the background fluctuations. The PSF-deconvolved photometric profiles of NGC 4839 and NGC 4816 are traced to generalized isophotal radii of 705 and 329 kpc, reaching $μ_{\overline{g+r}}=32.2$ and $31.6~\mathrm{mag\,arcsec^{-2}}$, with data-derived signal-to-noise ratios of 4.1 and 7.0, respectively. The agreement between direct detection and the predictions from background fluctuations provides no clear evidence of a systematics-dominated detection floor over the surface brightness range and spatial scales examined. We also assess the observational challenges involved in extending reliable measurements to still fainter surface brightness levels. The HERON Coma Project opens a new window onto the faint stellar record of the complex and ongoing assembly of Coma, while demonstrating the potential of modest ground-based telescopes with suppressed instrumental reflections to provide highly competitive measurements of extended diffuse structures. We make the final calibrated images publicly available to the community.
CommentsAccepted for publication in A&A. Data products are publicly available
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/202662310
