发表机构
University of Connecticut; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（康涅狄格大学; 塔塔基础研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究揭示预热化平台的出现与哈密顿量、可观测量及初始态均相关，以长程相互作用自旋模型为例，证明Loschmidt回波可作为有界可观测量预热化寿命的下界。
AI 中文摘要
预热化描述了平衡态之前的长寿命中间区域，可主导实验可观测的动力学过程。本文表明，尽管能谱尺度的分离会产生动力学时间尺度的层级，但它本身并不能保证预热化平台的出现。在相同哈密顿量下，一些可观测量可能表现出预热化行为，而另一些则直接弛豫向平衡态。我们揭示了决定这种选择性的机制，表明预热化平台的出现不仅取决于哈密顿量，还取决于可观测量和初始态。我们的结果广泛适用于接近完全置换对称极限的系统，并通过一个长程相互作用自旋模型进行了说明。我们进一步证明，当预热化和精确动力学均为幺正时，Loschmidt回波为任何有界可观测量的预热化寿命提供了一个下界。
英文摘要
Prethermalization describes long-lived intermediate regimes that precede equilibrium and can dominate experimentally accessible dynamics. Here, we show that a separation of spectral energy scales, despite giving rise to a hierarchy of dynamical timescales, does not by itself guarantee the appearance of a prethermal plateau. Under the same Hamiltonian, some observables may exhibit prethermal behavior, while others relax directly toward equilibrium. We uncover the mechanism governing this selectivity, showing that the emergence of a prethermal plateau depends not only on the Hamiltonian, but also on the observable and the initial state. Our results apply broadly to systems close to a fully permutation-symmetric limit and are illustrated with a long-range interacting spin model. We further prove that the Loschmidt echo provides a lower bound on the prethermal lifetime of any bounded observable whenever the prethermal and exact dynamics are unitary.
Comments12 pages, 4 figures; This manuscript presents the dynamical part of the work originally posted on arXiv as [arXiv.2607.15350v1], which has since been split into two papers. That arXiv manuscript now contains only the static part
