发表机构
Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan（气候与空间科学与工程学系，密歇根大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种从时间箭头视角出发的概念框架，将等离子体各子系统热力学关联，引入电热力学与磁热力学输运机制，推导临界尺度，探讨其对重联起始问题的潜在相关性。
AI 中文摘要
本文提出了一种探索性概念框架，旨在从时间箭头的视角出发，以连贯的方式描述无碰撞等离子体中的电磁能量与热能的输运及转移。具体而言，能量输运的论证根本上基于系统倾向于填充其可用相空间的理念。首先，我们将电场、磁场与等离子体粒子描述为以特定方式热力学关联的相互作用子系统。其次，我们讨论了随机电场在等离子体粒子沿能量密度梯度输运中的重要性，直至所谓的电热动力学（ETD）相互作用的能流通量贡献变得足够均匀。第三，将ETD输运的逻辑扩展到磁化系统，引入两类磁热力学（MTD）输运：1）通过随机坡印廷通量的电磁能量输运；2）与局部ExB漂移运动相关的随机漂移能通量的等离子体能量输运。ETD与MTD机制的大小与电场波动的局部特征尺度相关，且推导得出了ETD机制主导MTD机制的临界尺度。最后，我们讨论了电热力学平衡（ETE）与磁热力学平衡（MTE）之间的相互作用、小临界尺度（MTD）极限下的动力学，以及此类描述对重联起始与尺度耦合问题的潜在相关性。
英文摘要
Presented here is an exploratory conceptual framework with the aim of describing electromagnetic and thermal energy transport and transfer in collisionless plasmas in a coherent way, starting from an arrow-of-time perspective. That is, arguments about the transport of energy are fundamentally based on the idea that systems tend to fill the phase space available to them. First, we describe electric fields, magnetic fields, and plasma particles as interacting subsystems that are thermodynamically linked in specific ways. Second, we discuss the importance of the stochastic electric field in the transport of plasma particles down energy density gradients until the energy flux contributions from so-called electrothermodynamic (ETD) interactions become sufficiently uniform. Third, the logic of ETD transport is extended to a magnetized system invoking 2 types of magnetothermodyamic (MTD) transport: 1) transport of electromagnetic energy through stochastic Poynting flux and 2) plasma energy transport through stochastic drift energy fluxes associated with local ExB drift motion. The magnitudes of the ETD and MTD mechanisms are tied to local characteristic scales of the electric field fluctuations and critical scales are derived beyond which ETD mechanisms dominate MTD mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the interplay between electrothermodynamic and magnetothermodynamic equilibria (ETE and MTE), dynamics in the small critical scale (MTD) limit, and the potential relevance of this type of description to the problem of reconnection onset and scale coupling.
