AI 中文总结
本研究通过30人实验对比AR与移动界面，发现AR仅提升机器人感知层面意识，未增强高层机器人或环境意识，为安全关键型AR-HRC界面设计提供了注意力机制层面的依据。
AI 中文摘要
增强现实（AR）通过实现机器人与联合任务的原位空间可视化，促进人机协作（HRC）。然而，在搜索与救援等安全关键型HRC场景中，空间可视化也可能重塑视觉注意力，产生相互竞争的态势感知（SA）需求，进而引入新的安全隐患。尽管现有AR-HRC研究指出其对SA的潜在益处，但同时考虑SA多个层面下机器人与环境感知的严格评估仍有限。本研究通过一项包含30名参与者的被试间实验解决该问题，对比呈现等效信息的定制AR界面与移动界面，采用态势感知全局评估技术（SAGAT）测量所有三个层面的机器人与环境SA，同时结合眼动追踪以识别SA差异背后的注意力机制。两种界面均实现了高可用性；与移动基准相比，AR提升了机器人感知层面的感知意识，但在更高层面的机器人意识或任何层面的环境意识上均无增益。眼动分析解释了这一现象：AR将注意力从地图中释放，但该注意力被重新投入到共形视觉而非物理环境中。将眼睛从屏幕中解放出来并不等同于将其导向现实世界，这是安全关键型HRC的AR界面设计必须考虑的区别。
英文摘要
Augmented reality (AR) facilitates human-robot collaboration (HRC) by enabling in-situ spatial visualizations of the robot and the joint task. However, in safety-critical HRC scenarios such as search-and-rescue, spatial visualizations may also reshape visual attention in ways that create competing situational awareness (SA) demands, potentially introducing new safety concerns. While prior AR-HRC work suggests potential benefits for SA, rigorous evaluations that jointly consider robot and environmental awareness across multiple levels of SA remain limited. We address this through a between-subjects study with 30 participants comparing custom AR and mobile interfaces presenting equivalent information, measuring robot and environmental SA with the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) across all three levels, with concurrent eye tracking to identify the attentional mechanisms underlying any SA differences. Both interfaces achieved high usability; relative to the mobile baseline, AR improved perception-level awareness of the robot but yielded no gains in higher-level robot awareness or in environmental awareness at any level. Gaze analysis explained this: AR freed attention from the map, but that attention was re-invested in the conformal visuals rather than the physical environment. Freeing the eyes from a screen is not the same as directing them to the world, a distinction AR interfaces for safety-critical HRC must design around.
Comments11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Zhehan Qu and Christian Fronk contributed equally
