AI 中文总结
该研究针对近场通信的遮挡问题，分析了立方相位艾里波束成形的有效性，明确低阶相位项提供主要恢复效果，立方项填补剩余差距，还量化了其功率增益与相位上限的接近程度。
AI 中文摘要
遮挡是近场通信中的关键挑战，可靠传输高度依赖视距（LoS）路径，当该路径被阻塞时会遭受严重的功率衰减。近场艾里波束通过形成弯曲轨迹引导能量绕过障碍物，为缓解遮挡提供了有前景的解决方案，且可通过相控阵施加立方源相位实现。然而，基于轨迹的解释仅说明了艾里波束的传播方式，未解释为何立方相位艾里波束成形足以恢复遮挡，也未说明立方项本身贡献了多少接收功率增益。为回答这些问题，我们确定了相对于传统近场聚焦的遮挡诱导相位失配，并量化了连续相位阶次对其的补偿情况。分析表明，原本用于补偿自由空间几何相位的线性和二次自由度，在遮挡条件下可重新优化，分别实现重定向和重新聚焦；二次项可补偿额外失配的主导二次分量，而艾里立方项则对剩余非二次失配提供首次独立校正。仿真显示，线性和二次补偿可恢复大部分可用增益，艾里立方项平均仅增加0.1433 dB，但使立方相位族达到仅相位上限的99.77%。残差相位分析进一步确定了在规定接收功率容差内，剩余高阶分量可忽略的条件。这些结果解释了立方相位艾里波束成形足以应对遮挡恢复的原因：低阶相位项提供了大部分恢复效果，而立方项则缩小了几乎所有剩余差距。
英文摘要
Blockage is a critical challenge for near-field communications, where reliable transmission depends heavily on the line-of-sight (LoS) path and can suffer severe power degradation when that path is obstructed. Near-field Airy beams offer a promising solution for blockage mitigation by forming curved trajectories that guide energy around obstacles, and can be practically generated with phased arrays by imposing a cubic source phase. However, trajectory-based interpretations explain how Airy beams propagate, but not why cubic-phase Airy beamforming is sufficient for blockage recovery or how much received-power gain the cubic term itself contributes. To answer these questions, we identify the blockage-induced phase mismatch relative to conventional near-field focusing and quantify how successive phase orders compensate it. The resulting analysis reveals that the linear and quadratic degrees of freedom, originally used to compensate the free-space geometric phase, can be reoptimized under blockage to provide resteering and refocusing, respectively. The quadratic term can compensate the dominant quadratic component of the additional mismatch, while the Airy cubic provides the first independent correction to the remaining non-quadratic mismatch. Simulations show that linear and quadratic compensation recover most of the available gain. The Airy cubic adds only $0.1433$ dB on average, yet enables the cubic-phase family to attain $99.77\%$ of the phase-only upper bound. Residual-phase analysis further determines when the remaining higher-order components are negligible within a prescribed received-power tolerance. These results explain why cubic-phase Airy beamforming is sufficient: lower-order phase terms provide most of the recovery, while the cubic term closes nearly all of the remaining gap.
