发表机构
Wake Forest University（维克森林大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文从经济学视角分析AI对生产、劳动、市场、福利等多方面的影响，提出AI兼具资本、合成劳动等多重属性，探讨其利弊并给出相关政策考量。
AI 中文摘要
人工智能（AI）正通过改变生产流程、劳动力市场以及企业和行业结构，迅速改变经济体系。AI不仅仅是一项技术创新，更是一种重大经济现象和创新浪潮，对生产力、就业、市场结构、公共政策、长期经济增长和集体福利具有重要影响。本文通过分析AI影响经济活动和社会福祉的多种渠道，研究AI的经济学。文章指出，AI应同时被理解为一种资本形式、一种合成劳动形式、一种通用目的技术以及一种经济基础设施。分析表明，AI通过自动化、增强、优化、预测和创新，发挥着多渠道生产力增长引擎的作用。研究认为，AI有潜力提高产出、降低成本、刺激创业并加速经济增长，同时通过劳动替代、劳动互补和创造性破坏重塑劳动力市场。本文还考察了AI对竞争、市场集中度和创业的影响，最后探讨了AI对消费者、生产者、工人、政府及整个社会的福利影响，并概述了旨在最大化AI益处同时减轻其潜在不利后果的政策考量。
英文摘要
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming economic systems by altering production processes, labor markets, and the structure of firms and industries. AI is not merely a technological innovation. It is fundamentally a major economic phenomenon and a new wave of innovation with important implications for productivity, employment, market structure, public policy, long-run economic growth, and collective welfare. This essay examines the economics of AI by analyzing the multiple channels through which AI influences economic activity and societal well-being. It argues that AI should be understood simultaneously as a form of capital, a form of synthetic labor, a general-purpose technology, as well as an economic infrastructure. The analysis shows that AI functions as a multi-channel engine of productivity growth through automation, augmentation, optimization, prediction, and innovation. It is argued that AI has the potential to increase output, reduce costs, stimulate entrepreneurship, and accelerate economic growth, while also reshaping labor markets through labor substitution, labor complementarity, and creative destruction. The essay further examines AI's effects on competition, market concentration, and entrepreneurship. Finally, it explores the welfare implications of AI for consumers, producers, workers, governments, and society as a whole, and concludes by outlining policy considerations aimed at maximizing the benefits of AI while mitigating its potential adverse consequences.
